叶面喷施不同形态硒对草莓吸收和转运硒的影响

采用温室大棚试验,研究了叶面喷施硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对提高草莓硒含量的影响以及硒在草莓植株中的转运和分布,旨在为富硒水果的开发和生产提供理论依据。本试验在草莓初花期进行叶面喷施亚硒酸钠和硒酸钠,当喷硒量为20、40、60 g Se·hm~(-2)时,亚硒酸钠处理40 d后草莓果实样品中硒含量分别为0.03、0.10、0.15 mg·kg~(-1)FW,分别为对照的3、20倍和30倍;硒酸钠处理40d后草莓果实硒含量分别为0.05、0.12、0.17 mg·kg~(-1) FW,是对照处理的5、24倍和34倍。但是叶面喷施的硒持续供给果实的能力有限,随着草莓果实的连续生长,后期采收的草莓中硒含量显著下降。叶面喷硒后,叶片吸收的亚硒酸钠约有30%转移到了根部,而硒酸钠则更多地累积于叶片中,转移到根部的量不到15%。草莓初花期叶面喷施硒可以显著提高前期草莓果实中硒的含量,随着采收期的延长,草莓中硒的含量显著下降,喷施亚硒酸钠的处理硒向根部转移的能力高于硒酸钠的处理。

Effects of Foliar-applied Selenite and Selenate on Selenium Accumulation in Strawberry

The effects of foliar spray of selenite or selenate on selenium(Se)accumulation, distribution in strawberry were observed in this study. Solutions of sodium selenite or sodium selenate were sprayed on the leaves of strawberry at the early stage of flowering. The results showed that foliar spay of both selenite and selenate significantly increased Se contents in strawberry fruits(P<0.05). The first batch of strawberry fruits contained 0.03, 0.10 and 0.15 mg Se·kg-1 fresh weight(FW)at application rates of 20,40 and 60 g Se·hm-2 as selenite re-spectively, representing 3, 20 and 30 times of that under control. When applied with the same doses of selenate, contents of Se in the first batch of strawberry fruits were 0.05, 0.12, 0.17 mg Se·kg-1 FW, as much as 5, 24 and 34 times of that under control. However, foliar spray couldn’t ensure long-term sustainability as Se contents in strawberry fruits decreased significantly in the following two batches. Four months after foliar spray, more than 30%of Se was translocated from leaves into roots of plants sprayed with selenite, while only less than 15%of Se was transported to roots when applied with selenate. The results demonstrated that foliar spray of Se significantly increased the Se concentra-tion at the first stage and Se concentration decreased with the growing of strawberry. Sprayed selenite was more readily translocated from leaf to root than selenate.