蔬菜清洁生产技术补贴支付意愿影响因素研究——以蔬菜残体堆肥化技术应用调查为例

蔬菜残体堆肥化技术是一项重要的清洁生产技术,由于技术应用成本较高且耗时、费力,导致技术推广存在障碍。通过补贴政策激励农户采纳技术行为,是弥补因"政策失灵"造成生态效益外溢的有效手段。本研究运用意愿价值评估方法引导获取农户对于堆沤池建设费用的支付意愿,运用Logistic二元选择模型,基于河北省藁城区142份农户调查数据,探明支付意愿影响因素的方向和强度。研究结果表明:生产经营的显性成本是影响技术补贴支付意愿的重要因素;个别劳动时间与信息来源是影响支付意愿的内部制约因素;以技术补贴为主的政策手段是影响支付意愿重要激励因素;对于土壤污染的认知因素与支付意愿呈反向关系。基于此,提出引导农户应用堆肥化技术的政策建议包括:推进蔬菜生产安全优质高效技术创新;充分发挥蔬菜专业合作组织服务作用;完善蔬菜清洁生产技术补贴政策机制,提高农业生态补贴政策效能。

Influence Factors of Willingness to Pay for Vegetable Cleaner Production Technology Subsidies: Taking the Questionnaire Investigation on the Application of Vegetable Residue Composting Technology as an Example

Currently, producing the safe, high quality and nutritious vegetable products has become the common goal of the food producers and consumers. In doing so, Chinese government vigorously promotes clean production technology of vegetables for the source control and production process control. Unfortunately, lots of vegetables residues are still thrown away after the harvest, which has caused severe environmental pollution in producing areas. Vegetable waste composting technology, an important technology of vegetable cleaner production, has low requirements for technology conditions and is suitable for the promotion of rural households. But it needs additional investment costs including retting pond construction costs during application process and its personal income is less than the social benefits brought by the technology itself, which makes it difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to adapt cleaner technology and the technology promotion is not smooth. It is of great and practical significance to investigate the influence mechanism of technology application, assess subsides policy effectiveness and encourage farmers environmentally and friendly produce behavior. The goal of this study is thus to use the contingentvaluation method(CVM)to understand the farmers'willingness to subsidize for heap retting pool construction fee and to analyze the direction and intensity of influence factors of willingness to pay (WTP)by using a Logistic econometric model and the 142 questionnaires in Gaocheng City of Hebei Province. The results indicated that the direct cost of production and operation was an important factor to affect the WTP of technology subsidies and individual labor time and social relationship were the internal control factors that affects the WTP, while the policy measures based on technology subsidies was an important factor to affect the WTP and environmental cognition factor of soil pollution presented a reverse relationship with WTP. It thus proposed three policy suggestions to guide farmers to use the composting technology, which included:advancing the technology innovation of safe and high efficient vegetable production, fully playing the important role of the vegetable professional cooperative organization, establishing an effective subsidies mechanism of vegetable clean production to improve the efficiency of agricultural ecological subsidies.