减量施氮对雨养区春玉米产量和环境效应的影响 |
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引用本文: | 吴得峰,姜继韶,孙棋棋,王蕊,李如剑,王志齐,刘洪星,崔全红,郭胜利,党廷辉,巨晓棠. 减量施氮对雨养区春玉米产量和环境效应的影响[J]. 农业环境与发展, 2016, 0(6): 1202-1209. DOI: 10.11654/jaes.2016.06.025 |
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作者姓名: | 吴得峰 姜继韶 孙棋棋 王蕊 李如剑 王志齐 刘洪星 崔全红 郭胜利 党廷辉 巨晓棠 |
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作者单位: | 1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西 杨凌,712100;2. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌,712100;3. 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌,712100;4. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100193;5. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西 杨凌 712100; 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100; 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西 杨凌 712100 |
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基金项目: | 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039) |
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摘 要: | 通过3年田间试验,研究了减量施氮(N)对雨养区春玉米产量、温室气体排放、土壤硝态氮(NO-3-N)残留的影响。试验于2013年4月至2015年9月在中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站进行,供试作物为春玉米,半覆膜种植,设常规施氮(N200)和减量施氮(N150)2个处理,定期测定土壤矿质N和氧化亚氮(N2O)气体含量。结果表明:虽然N150处理较N200处理施N量减少了25%,但玉米产量无显著变化(P>0.05),三年平均为13.4(N200)、13.3(N150)t·hm-2;N150处理N2O累积排放量较N200处理降低24.3%;N200处理0~200 cm土壤剖面NO-3-N残留量平均为210.2 kg·hm-2,N150处理则低至115.1 kg·hm-2;N200和N150处理的生育期耗水量差异不显著(P>0.05)。在渭北雨养农业区,春玉米在常规施N的基础上减量25%,不仅能维持作物产量,还能有效降低N2O排放和NO-3-N的残留。
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关 键 词: | 春玉米 减量施氮 产量 氧化亚氮 硝态氮 |
Effect of reduced nitrogen fertilization on spring maize production and environmental impacts in rain-fed ar-eas |
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Abstract: | An experiment was designed to examine effects of reduced nitrogen(N)fertilization on spring maize production, greenhouse gas emissions and soil nitrate nitrogen(NO-3-N)residue in under rain-fed farming systems. The three-year field experiment was performed at the Changwu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station of the Loess Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Two treatments:tradi-tional nitrogen(N200)and reduced nitrogen(N150)were employed. Soil mineral nitrogen and N2O emissions were determined regularly. Results showed that there were no significant differences in maize grain yields between N200(13.4 t·hm-2)and N150(13.3 t·hm-2). Howev-er, the cumulative N2O emissions in N150 was decreased by 24.3%, compared with that of N200. Within 0~200 cm soil profile, NO-3-N residue in the N200 treatment was averagely 210.2 kg·hm-2, while it was reduced to 115.1 kg·hm-2 in N150 treatment. During the growth period of spring maize, the water consumption ranged from 354 to 493 mm, with no significant difference between the two treatments(P>0.05). Reducing 25%of N fertilizer against the traditional N fertilization not only guarantees the maize yields, but also effectively decreases the N2O emissions and soil NO-3-N residues in the cropping system in the Weibei rain-fed agricultural area. |
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Keywords: | spring maize reduced nitrogen fertilization grain yield nitrous oxide NO-3-N |
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