叶面喷施微肥对晋南小麦产量和微量元素含量的影响

在山西临汾盆地石灰性褐土进行冬小麦田间试验,在底施NPK肥的基础上,研究了在拔节中期和抽穗前期叶面喷施锌、铁和硒对"济麦22"产量及其构成因素、成熟期地上部分各器官微量元素含量和分配比例的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施3种微肥提高了小麦产量及其构成因素,增产效果为FeSeZn,喷施铁肥与喷施清水相比差异显著;叶面喷施微肥使籽粒、茎叶和颖壳中对应微量元素的含量提高,其中喷施硒肥效果最为明显,喷施锌肥次之;籽粒对3种元素的吸收相互影响,铁对锌单向拮抗,锌与硒、铁与硒相互促进;叶面喷施微肥使锌在籽粒中分配比例稍高于茎叶+颖壳,铁在籽粒中分配比例仅6.87%~8.25%,硒在籽粒中的分配比例稍低于茎叶+颖壳。建议临汾盆地在小麦拔节中期和抽穗前期对冬小麦叶面喷施0.4%ZnSO_4·7H_2O溶液750 kg/hm~(2)和0.017%Na_2SeO_3溶液750 kg/hm~(2),可显著提高籽粒中的锌、硒含量,从而改善籽粒品质;叶面喷施0.3%FeSO_4·7H_2O溶液750 kg/hm~(2)对产量有一定的提升作用。

Effect of foliar fertilizer on wheat yield and content of trace elements

It was conducted with Jimai 22 to study the effects of foliar fertilizer applied at the middle of wheat jointing stage and heading stage on the wheat yield and its components, the content of zinc ( Zn) , iron ( Fe) , and selenium ( Se) and the distribution proportion of trace elements content in different organs on the basis of the application of NPK. The results showed that foliar fertilizer improved the wheat yield and its components, the effect of increasing yield was spraying Fe>spraying Se> spraying Zn. Compared with CK, the difference of spaying Fe was not significant. It increased the content of corresponding trace elements in grain, stem leaf and glume shell. The effect of Se fertilizer was the most obvious, and the Zn fertilizer was the second. The absorption of wheat grains to the 3 elements affected each other, Zn and Se, Fe and Se promoted each other, while Fe inhibit the absorption of Zn. The proportion of Zn in grain was slightly higher than that in stem and leaf, and proportion of Fe in grain was only 6. 87% ~8. 25%, and the ratio of Se in grain was slightly lower than that in stem and leaf. It indicated that spraying 0. 4% ZnSO4?7H2 O 750 kg/hm2 and 0. 017% Na2 SeO3 750 kg/hm2 on winter wheat leaf surface at the middle of the wheat jointing stage and heading stage in Linfen basin significantly increased the content of Zn and Se in the grain to improve its quality. And spraying 0. 3% FeSO4?7H2 O 750 kg/hm2 on leaf surface im-proved the yield to some extent .