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紫云英还田后不同施肥下的腐解及土壤供钾特征
引用本文:黄晶,高菊生,张杨珠,曹卫东,刘淑军.紫云英还田后不同施肥下的腐解及土壤供钾特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):83-88.
作者姓名:黄晶  高菊生  张杨珠  曹卫东  刘淑军
作者单位:1. 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南 长沙 410128; 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京 100081; 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站/祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南 祁阳 426182;2. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京 100081; 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站/祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南 祁阳 426182;3. 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南 长沙,410128;4. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京,100081
基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201103005;201203030),中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2014-9)。
摘    要:采用尼龙网袋法研究了紫云英翻压后不同施肥处理下在稻田的腐解和养分释放规律,以及不同施肥处理土壤钾库的变化特征。结果表明:紫云英还田后,不同施肥处理对其腐解及养分释放无明显影响。紫云英的腐解,氮、磷、钾释放量与翻压时间的关系可用一级动力学方程拟合,不同施肥处理下紫云英最大腐解率达到64.8%~68.3%,氮、磷、钾最大累计释放率分别为84.2%~86.7%、85.3%~89.3%、89.9%~98.0%,养分释放速度表现为钾磷氮。紫云英养分释放主要集中在翻压后15 d之内,应加强水稻生育后期的养分运筹管理。紫云英短期(1个生育期)内能够活化土壤中的钾,但晚稻收获后的土壤速效钾含量明显降低,说明紫云英还田不能完全替代化学钾肥效果。在连续3年不施化学钾肥的情况下,种植紫云英还田后,不会降低早稻土壤速效钾含量,但晚稻收获后土壤速效钾含量低于施用化学钾肥处理,说明紫云英还田不能完全替代化学钾肥效果。

关 键 词:紫云英  腐解  养分释放动态  土壤钾库
收稿时间:2014/10/31 0:00:00
修稿时间:2014/12/1 0:00:00

Dynamics of Chinese milk vetch decomposition in paddy field under different fertilization and the supply ability of soil potassium
Abstract:The dynamics of nutrient release and organic matter decomposition of Chinese milk vetch as green manure were studied in paddy fields, which the green manure were wrapped in net nylon bags and embedded in plow layer in tobacco fields. The results showed that there was no significant influence on the organic matter decomposition rates and the nutrient release dynamics of Chinese milk vetch under different fertilization. The relationship between the release of dry matter, N, P and K in Chinese milk vetch and decomposing time was fitted by a first-order kinetic equation. The maximum decomposi-tion rate of Chinese milk vetch under different fertilization was 64. 8% ~68. 3%, and the maximum accumulative release rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 84. 2% ~86. 7%, 85. 3% ~89. 3% and 89. 9% ~98. 0% respectively. The nutrient release rate was in the order with potassium > phosphorus > nitrogen. The nutrient release of Chinese milk vetch was concentrated in the first 15 days after the Chinese milk vetch was embedded in the fields, so the management of nutrient during the late growth period of rice was very important. Chinese milk vetch could activate potassium in soil in a short time, that about a growth period of rice. But the soil available potassium content was lower than those treatments with chemical potassium fertilizer application. So that, planting Chinese milk vetch and returning to field cannot entirely replace chemical fertilizer effect.
Keywords:Chinese milk vetch  decomposition  dynamics of nutrient release  soil potassium rank
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