碱化盐土掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米产量影响的研究

为解决内蒙古河套平原黏性碱化盐土土壤黏重,作物难以正常生长、产量低下等问题,对河套平原黏性碱化盐土进行了土壤耕层(0~20 cm)掺砂的土壤改良试验,研究掺砂对土壤理化性状和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:试验区土壤掺砂可以降低土壤容重,改变土壤机械组成和土壤质地,提高了黏性碱化盐土的通气孔隙度,改善土壤的通气透水性,降低土壤全盐量和碱化度,有效改善玉米生长环境,提高了玉米的产量。掺砂20%处理的土壤容重从1.64 g/cm3(CK)降低到1.49 g/cm3,土壤通气孔隙度从8.57%提高到18.17%,达到正常范围,使土壤砂粒、粉粒、粘粒含量比例趋向适中,土壤质地由壤质黏土转变为黏壤土,土壤全盐量下降了13%,碱化度降低了21%,玉米产量提高了301%。综合分析,掺砂20%处理对当地碱化盐土改良效果较为适宜。

Effects adding sand on soil physical and chemical property and corn yield in alkalized solonchak soil

In order to solve the problems of being too viscous and with low yield in the viscous alkalize solonchak soil in Inner Mongolia Hetao Plain, a soil improvement experiment was conducted by mixing sand to soil plough layer (0~20 cm) in Hetao Plain viscous alkalize solonchak field, to study its effects on soil physical properties and corn yield. The results showed that mixing sand to soil plough layer in Hetao Plain viscous alkalize solonchak field reduced soil bulk density, changed the soil me-chanical composition and soil texture, increased soil aeration porosity of viscous alkalize solonchak soil, improved soil aera-tion, water permeability, reduced the soil total salt and degree of alkalization, effectively improved growing environment of corn plants, increased the yield of corn. The soil bulk density with adding 20% sand decreased from 1. 64 g/cm3 ( CK) to 1. 49 g/cm3 , soil aeration porosity increased from 8. 57% to 18. 17%, which reached the normal range. Adding 20% sand made the ratio of soil sand, silt and clay content tend to moderate, soil texture turn from loamy clay to clay loam, soil total salt fall by 13%, degree of alkalization been reduced by 21%, the yield of corn been increased by 301%. Adding sand of 20%was appropriate proportion to improve viscous alkalize solonchaks soil on Hetao Plain.