巨峰葡萄对硒元素的吸收运转规律

以4年生露地栽培巨峰葡萄(砧木为贝达)为试材,研究氨基酸硒的不同施用方法和不同施用量条件下巨峰葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性。试验结果表明:(1)盛花期叶面喷施0.01%氨基酸硒(最适浓度)和土施0.3 g/株氨基酸硒(最适浓度)后,从花后至成熟巨峰葡萄的叶片、叶柄、果肉和单果硒含量均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。(2)与对照相比,施硒处理后,硒含量的累积顺序发生了变化,叶喷处理硒含量的累积顺序是叶片果肉叶柄,土施处理硒含量的累积顺序是果肉叶片叶柄。(3)不同施用方式影响硒在果实中积累与分布,土施硒肥处理,硒的积累顺序是先累积到种子,再到果肉,最后到果皮;叶面喷施硒肥处理,硒的积累顺序是先累积到果皮,再到果肉,最后才到种子。(4)无论叶喷还是土施氨基酸硒肥都在盛花期施用效果较好;当外源硒施入量增加时,巨峰葡萄果实各部位硒含量增加。

Researches on selenium absorption and distribution in Kyoho grape

To investigate the effect of different selenium application methods and application rate on the absorption , distribu-tion and accumulation of selenium in grape, the Kyoho grape cultured ( grafted to beta rootstock) in open cultivation was used as test material. The results were shown as follows: (1) After the application of 0. 01% amino acid selenium by foliage spra-ying and amino acid selenium (0. 3 g/plant) into soil at full-bloom stage, the selenium contents in leaves, leafstalks, berry flesh and single berry increased at first and then decreased from flowering to fruit ripening . (2) Compared with the control, the orders of selenium accumulation changed after being treated with selenium, the orders of selenium by foliage spraying were leaf>berry flesh>leafstalks, the orders of the application of selenium into soil were berry flesh> leaf>leafstalks. (3) The distribution and accumulation of selenium in grape were affected by different application methods. The orders of selenium accu-mulation in the fruit were seed> berry flesh>skin by the application of selenium into soil, and skin> berry flesh> seed by foliage spraying with selenium. (4) The application of amino acid selenium by foliage spraying and into soil at full-bloom stage achieved the best results. The selenium contents in grape berries increased with the increase of exogenous selenium doses.