油菜深施肥播种机动态倾斜工况排肥性能试验

针对油菜播种机同步深施肥作业中肥料条带集中，机具受地表坡度变化等因素作用发生倾斜时，各条带施肥量变化情况不明确的问题，以油菜深施肥播种机排肥系统为研究对象，构建不同倾斜工况下肥料颗粒的动力学模型，分析机具动态倾斜对肥料颗粒流动特性的影响，利用测试平台模拟播种机在1°~5°动态倾斜作业工况，开展外槽轮排肥器各行排量一致性和总排量稳定性影响试验，并建立倾斜状态对施肥均匀性影响的数学模型。试验结果表明，播种机处于水平状态理想工况时，排肥器各行排量一致性变异系数和总排量稳定性变异系数平均为8.75%和0.89%；当播种机沿作业方向前后动态单向倾斜或俯仰，随着角度增大，排肥器各行排量一致性和总排量稳定性变异系数逐渐减小，最低可达8.35%和0.41%，说明沿作业方向的前后俯仰摆动对外槽轮排肥性能具有增益效应；而播种机沿垂直作业方向左右动态单向倾斜或往复摆动角逐渐增大时，排肥器各行排量一致性和总排量稳定性变异系数逐渐增大，往复摆动最大倾角为5°时达到最大值11.41%和2.16%。研究结果为油菜机械化播种同步深施肥作业和播种机施肥性能优化提供了参考。

Experiment on Fertilizing Performance of Dynamic Tilt Conditionof Seeder with Deep Fertilizer for Rapeseed

The existing combined precision seeder for rapeseed would tilt when it delivers fertilizer into seedbed simultaneously with rape seed, which is affected by the change of land slope and other factors, and it has persistent challenge that solving the problem fertilizer strip is concentrated cause uneven application of fertilizer and low fertilizer efficiency in the field, highlighting a need for investigating the unclear problem that change law of fertilizer amount in each strip under inclined state. In order to clarify the relationship between uniformity of fertilizer and inclined state, the fertilizer system combined precision seeder for rapeseed was taken as the research object, and the dynamic model of fertilizer particles under different inclined state was constructed, which was used to analyze the influence of inclined state on the flow characteristics of fertilizer. Firstly, the working condition of seeder in the field under the different tilted angle in the range of 1°~5° was simulated by test platform, and single factor experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of the different inclined states with apiece row consistency variability coefficient and the stability variability coefficient of the outer groove wheel fertilizer. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the influence of the inclined state with the fertilization uniformity was established. The test results showed that the apiece row consistency variability coefficient and the stability variability coefficient of the fertilizer feed was 8.75% and 0.89% when the seeder was in the horizontal ideal state;while with the increase of the angle range of single swing or reciprocating swing in the operation direction, the apiece row consistency variability coefficient and stability variability coefficient of the fertilizer feed were gradually decreased, with the lowest value of 8.35% and 0.41%, which indicated that the swing along the operation direction had an enhancement effect on the fertilization uniformity of the fertilizer feed. However, with the increase of the angle range of single swing or reciprocating swing in the vertical operation direction, the apiece row consistency variability coefficient and stability variability coefficient of the fertilizer feed were gradually increased, and the maximum values reached 11.41% and 2.16% when the inclination angle was 5°. This study provided a reference for field production and fertilization performance optimization of rape synchronous deep fertilization seeder.