水田风送施肥参数检测试验台设计与试验

水田侧深施肥田间试验受插秧作业季短、作业性能不稳定等多种因素影响，而传统室内土槽无法进行风送式水田施肥试验，设计了一种可进行风送水田施肥排肥参数检测的试验台。试验台主要由机械部分、测控部分、风送排肥部分和软件部分组成。综合采用自动控制技术、多传感器技术和液压传动技术模拟水田工况，实现风送排肥过程中风压、风速等参数实时采集和显示，可灵活控制排肥轮转速和转停频率。试验台性能验证试验表明，试验台行进速度可在0~1.62m/s内调节，误差1.5%；输肥气流速度在0~30m/s之间，满足风送排肥需求；排肥系统最大排肥变异系数为5.79%，施肥效果良好。对该试验台进行侧深施肥系统测试，结果表明，对施肥均匀性变异系数的影响因素由大到小依次为：排肥轮转速、台车前进速度、风机风速。试验台能够在实验室环境进行风送式水田施肥机构参数检测，缩短了水田风送施肥关键部件的研发周期，为实现水田施肥智能控制打下基础。

Design and Verification of Test Bed for Testing Parameters of Wind Assisted Fertilization in Paddy Field

In view of the field experiment of deep fertilization in paddy field affected by various factors such as short planting season and unstable operation performance, the traditional indoor soil tank could not carry out the experiment of deep fertilization in paddy field by air delivery, a test bench was designed independently to detect the parameters of deep fertilization and fertilizer discharge in paddy field by air delivery. The test bed was mainly composed of the mechanical part, the control part, the fertilization by wind and the software part. The automatic control technology, multi-sensor technology and hydraulic transmission technology were adopted comprehensively to simulate the working conditions of paddy fields, realize the real-time collection and display of wind pressure, wind speed and other parameters during the process of wind feeding and discharging fertilizer, and flexibly control the speed and turn off frequency of the fertilizer discharging wheel. The performance verification test showed that the traveling speed of the test bed can be adjusted within 0~1.62m/s with an error of 1.5%. The fan provides air velocity of 0~30m/s to meet the demand of air feeding and discharging fertilizer. The maximum coefficient of variation was 5.79%, which met the requirements of fertilization. Based on the test-bed, the results showed that the influencing factors of fertilizer uniformity, fertilizer amount variation coefficient were as follows: fertilizer wheel speed, trolley forward speed, wind speed. The test-bed can test the parameters of the side deep fertilizer in the laboratory environment. The research and development cycle of key components of side deep fertilization in paddy field was shortened. This study laid a foundation for the realization of intelligent control of side deep fertilization in paddy field.