长期施肥对黑土养分供应能力和土壤生产力的影响

利用多年国家黑土肥力与肥料效益监测基地资料,探讨长期定位施肥对黑土耕层养分供应和土壤生产力的影响。试验表明,化肥与有机肥配施对土壤生产力的贡献优于相应化肥单施。单施氮肥土壤平均生产力贡献率为68.9%,随着试验年份的延长,单施氮肥对土壤生产力贡献率呈明显下降趋势。氮肥与有机肥配施(M2N)土壤平均生产力贡献率达94%,单施化肥(NPK)处理土壤生产力贡献率较平缓,单施有机肥对土壤生产力贡献率优于单施化肥。多年不合理施肥,N、P、K养分的供应能力逐年降低,尤其以N素最为明显。化肥配施有机肥比单施化肥能更好地提高土壤养分可持续指数。

Influence of Long-term Fertilization on Nutrient SupplyingCapacity of Black Soil and Soil Productivity

By means of fertilization experiments, the results showed that the long-term integrated use organic manure with chemical fertilizers was superior to the corresponding applied chemical fertilizer with respect to the contribution to soil productivity. The productivity contribution to N fertilizer was 68.9%, integrated with organic manure was 94%. With treatment of only application of fertilizer NPK, average productivity contribution took on the gentle change, while soil productivity contribution of only application of organic manure was superior to that of only applied chemical fertilizer. With the extension of experiment, due to irrational fertilization, nutrient N, P and K supplying capacity decreased gradually, especially in the most significant N. Combined application of fertilizer and organic manure could better improve sustainability index of soil nutrient.