摘芽处理对川西云杉采穗母树生长和穗条产量与质量的影响

对6年生川西云杉(Picea balfouriana)采穗母树采用摘除主干及Ⅰ级侧枝顶端中心的1个芽和只摘除Ⅰ级侧枝顶端中心的1个芽2种摘芽处理,研究了摘芽处理对其生长、穗条数量与质量的影响。结果表明:摘芽处理能有效地抑制川西云杉顶端优势,促进保留芽萌发新梢及其伸长生长和粗生长,从而增加采穗母树冬芽数。摘除主干及Ⅰ级侧枝顶端中心的1个芽和只摘除Ⅰ级侧枝顶端中心的1个芽比对照冬芽数分别增加22.4%和21.3%。摘芽处理能刺激川西云杉节间处簇生隐芽,冬芽数和隐芽数增加提高了下年度采穗母树的产穗量。2种摘芽处理与对照当年可采穗条数(>6 cm的新梢)无显著差异,但显著提高了当年可采穗条长度、基径。摘芽后母树当年可采穗条长和基径的变异系数小于对照,穗条均匀,提高了母树当年可采穗条的质量,有利于当年扦插。

Effects of Bud Removal on the Growth of Scion Mother Trees of Picea balfouriana and Quantity and Quality of Cuttings

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of bud removal on the growth of scion mother trees of 6-year-old Picea balfouriana as well as the quantity and quality of cuttings.Two types of treatments were set up.The buds on the mid-top parts of the main stem and first-order lateral branches were removed in treatment 1,and the buds only on mid-top part of first-order lateral branches were removed in treatment 2.Results showed that bud removal could effectively restrain the apical dominance of P.balfouriana,thereby promote the germination of new shoots from kept buds,and stimulate the elongating and radial growth of scion.Therefore,it could increase the number of winter buds of scion mother trees.Compared with the control,the number of winter buds in treatment 1 and 2 increased by 22.4% and 21.3%,respectively.Bud removal could stimulate the fascicular hidden buds at internodes,which further improve the cutting yield of scion mother trees in next year.No significant difference in the number of current-year picked cuttings(young sprout length more than 6 cm) was observed between the two treatments and the control;however,the length and stem base diameter increased remarkably compared with the control.Moreover,the variation coefficients of length and stem base diameter of current-year picked cuttings were less than those of the control.The quality of the current-year picked cuttings was improved,which was beneficial to cutting in current year.