中国南方湿润区水资源脆弱度评价及其管理——以湖南省衡阳市为例

从自然脆弱性、人为脆弱性、承载脆弱性3个方面选取11个评价指标,构建了湖南省衡阳市水资源脆弱度评价指标体系.采用5级100分制方法对指标数值进行量化,运用综合指数法进行定量评价,其中指标临界值的确定主要参考南方8省各指标的极值.从评价结果来看,衡阳市水资源为强脆弱.其中,少雨期干旱指数、多年平均降水量、人口密度和人均GDP对水资源脆弱性贡献最大.因此,可以通过采取水资源管理措施进行产业结构调整,提高水资源利用率,控制人口增长,加强水利工程建设,完善水资源管理等措施来降低水资源的脆弱性.

Assessment and Management of Water Resource Vulnerability in Hengyang City

An assessment index system including 11 indexes for natural vulnerability,artificial vulnerability,and burdening vulnerability is established to appraise water resource vulnerability in Hengyang City of Hu'nan Province.The 5 grade and 100 score method is used to get the quantitative scores of evaluated index and the integrated index method is used to calculate the vulnerability scores.Critical value of each evaluated index is ascertained by consulting index extremum of 8 provinces in South China.The results of assessment demonstrate that the vulnerability of water resources in Hengyang City is in strong vulnerability grade.Drought index during Junly to September,perennial average rainfall,population density,and GDP per capita have the significant contributions to water resource vulnerability in Hengyang City.Therefore,taking some management measures of water resources to debase water resource vulnerability is a good settlement,such as enhancing industrial structure adjustment,raising the utilization rate of water resources,controlling population growth,strengthening hydraulic engineering construction,and improving water resource management policies.