不同类型专用小麦氮素吸收积累差异研究

2000至2002年在田间条件下,研究3个不同类型专用小麦品种(强筋小麦皖麦38、中筋小麦扬麦10号和弱筋小麦宁麦9号)氮素吸收积累差异。试验结果表明,成熟期植株含氮率与子粒含氮率均以强筋小麦皖麦38最高,弱筋小麦宁麦9号最低。成熟期植株氮积累量为皖麦38最高,子粒氮积累量为扬麦10号最高。不同品种不同生育阶段吸收的氮素占一生总氮量的比例不同,弱筋小麦宁麦9号在出苗拔节期氮积累量占整个生育期中的比例较其它品种高,而强筋小麦皖麦38在开花成熟期较其它两个品种高。结果还表明,不同类型专用小麦品种每生产百公斤子粒所需吸收的氮量也不相同。

Nitrogen absorption and utilization differences among wheat varieties for different end uses

Grain yield and quality could be efficiently regulated by varieties, producing station and cultural techniques. Based on the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and accumulation in different types of wheat, research focus is now putting on achieving higher yield, increasing nitrogen application efficiency, improving grain quality, producing less pollution and reducing production cost. The differences of nitrogen absorption and utilization among three wheat varieties for different end uses were studied in field experiments in Yangzhou from 2000 to 2002. The main treatments included three typical varieties: Wanmai38 (strong-gluten), Yangmai10 (medium-gluten) and Ningmai 9 (weak-gluten). The sub-treatments included two levels of fertilizer N application amount: N 180 and 240 (kg/hm~2). During the growth period the total amount of P and K application was 108 (kg/hm~2) (P_2O_5) and 108 (kg/hm~2) (K_2O), respectively, half of which was used as basal fertilizer and the rest as topdressing fertilizer when the remaining leaf number was 3.5. The results showed that (nitrogen) content in plant and grains of strong-gluten wheat Wanmai 38 at maturity was the highest among three varieties. Plant nitrogen accumulation amount of Wanmai 38 was the highest,but grain nitrogen accumulation amount of Yangmai 10 was the highest. The ratio of nitrogen accumulation amount at different stages to total was different among (different) varieties. For weak-gluten wheat Ningmai 9, it was higher than the others from seeding stage to elongation stage, but for strong-gluten wheat Wanmai 38, it was the highest from anthesis to maturity. To produce 100 kg of grains,different amount of N would be absorbed in wheat varieties for different end uses.