瘤胃微生物对结构性碳水化合物的降解机制研究进展

反刍动物瘤胃内含有庞大的微生物种群,与瘤胃内结构性碳水化合物的降解有密切关系。参与结构性碳水化合物降解的瘤胃微生物主要包括细菌、真菌和原虫,尤以细菌和真菌的降解作用最大。瘤胃细菌和真菌通过与结构性碳水化合物的附着、粘连或穿透等一系列作用,使这些紧密连接的结构物质变得松散,再由它们分泌的各种酶类将这些松散的结构性碳水化合物逐步分解,转化成可以被反刍动物及其寄居的瘤胃微生物吸收利用的单糖。瘤胃微生物对结构性碳水化合物的降解也受到诸多因素的影响,主要包括植物的表皮、细胞壁的物理和化学结构特性、细胞壁的组成成分,以及瘤胃内环境和其他营养素等。

Progress review on degradation mechanism of structural carbohydrate by rumen microbes

There are abundant species and a large number of rumen microbes in ruminant，these microbes, including bacteria，fungi and protozoa, play a crucial role for degradation of structural carbohydrate. The bacteria and fungi have stronger ability for degrading structural carbohydrate，they could loose the compact texture of structural carbohydrate by adhesion and penetration，and then degrade structural carbohydrate to monosaccharide by enzymes function. The monosaccharide could be utilized by ruminant through rumen microbes. Many factor, such as plant epidermis，physical and chemical characteristic of cell wall，composition of cell wall，rumen environment and other nutrients, could affect the degrading process.