莽山国家森林公园蜘蛛名录和群落结构多样性研究

[目的]了解湖南省莽山国家森林公园蜘蛛群落组成结构和多样性。[方法]2015年5—8月,采用随机捕捉与扫网相结合的方法进行采样,对湖南省莽山国家森林公园蜘蛛种类和群落结构进行调查。[结果]共采集标本821份,经鉴定隶属18科44属76种。莽山国家森林公园的蜘蛛物种多样性丰富,蜘蛛群落结构稳定。不同生境中蜘蛛群落的种类和结构有较大的差别。灌木草甸的蜘蛛群落组成最丰富,个体密度最高,群落结构稳定;而杉木林和针叶林的蜘蛛群落组成较简单,个体密度较低,优势种明显,这主要与食物资源和植被的复杂程度有关。[结论]该研究弥补了莽山蜘蛛组成结构研究的空白,可为保护和利用莽山国家森林公园蜘蛛群落多样性提供参考。

Study on the List and Diversity of Spider Community of Mangshan National Forest Park

[Objective] To understand the list and diversity of spider community in Mangshan National Forest Park,Hunan Province.[Method] A survey focused on species and the community structure of spider were carried out.Samples were collected in the period from May to August in 2015 by using both clapping and sweeping methods.[Result] We collected spider 821 individuals,which were assigned belong to 18 families,44 genera,76 species.The rich diversity and stable community structure of spiders were found in Mangshan National Forest Park.There were differences of community structure in different habitats.Shrub meadow had the richest of spider diversity and high individual density,with jarless community structure.Shrubs had high evenness with less jarless community structure.Chinese fir and coniferous forest had less of spider diversity and individual density,with predominant species conspicuous.These results in this article had great significance to food resources and complexity of vegetation.[Conclusion]The study fills the gaps in the study of composition and structure of spider in Mangshan,which can provide a reference for the protection and utilization of the diversity of spider communities in Mangshan National Forest Park.