大豆和棉花生长对土壤呼吸的影响

设置大豆和棉花的盆栽试验,利用静态箱法采样和气相色谱技术测定作物生长期的土壤呼吸。结果表明,大豆与棉花生长下土壤呼吸速率变化与作物生长相一致,与生长时间呈极显著的二次曲线相关关系。裸土土壤呼吸速率的季节变化不明显,与时间的相关性弱。大豆土壤呼吸速率的峰值是棉花的2.4倍,出现时间也比棉花早。大豆土壤呼吸呈苗期分枝期成熟期开花结荚期鼓粒期,鼓粒期和开花结荚期的土壤呼吸占全生育期总量的82%,而生长时间只占全生育期的38.7%,大豆土壤呼吸总量是相应裸土的11.5倍。棉花土壤呼吸呈苗期吐絮期蕾期花铃期,蕾期和花铃期土壤呼吸占全生育期的77.8%,生长时间只占全生育期的44.7%,棉花土壤呼吸总量是相应裸土的4.9倍。大豆全生育期的土壤呼吸总量和平均土壤呼吸速率分别是棉花的1.77倍和2.34倍。大豆和棉花生长时期根际呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献分别为3.2%～95.8%和21.8%～88.0%,平均全生育期根际呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献分别为91.3%和79.6%。大豆全生育期根际呼吸数量和平均根际呼吸速率分别是棉花的2.03倍和2.68倍。在种植作物的土壤中,土壤呼吸速率与气温呈显著的指数相关,而在裸土中,相关性不显著。氮肥对裸土的土壤呼吸无显著影响。总之,作物-土壤系统中,土壤呼吸受作物类型和生长时期控制,根际呼吸是土壤呼吸的主要部分,大豆由于共生固氮过程使得其土壤呼吸和根际呼吸的贡献显著高于棉花。

Effects of Soybean and Cotton Growth on Soil Respiration

Soil respiration is an important factor in carbon cycle in ecosystem, which influences the concentration of CO₂ in atmosphere. To understand effects on soil respiration in the leguminous and non-leguminous crops, we conducted a pot experiment planted soybean (Glycine max) and cotton (Gossypium spp), and the soil respiration rate during crop growing season was sampled by static closed chamber method and analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that seasonal changes of soil respiration rate in cropped soil were in accord with crop growing and there were significant correlations of quadratic function between soil respiration rates and growing days of crops. While the seasonal changes of soil respiration rate in bare soils were not significant and their correlations to days after sowing were weak. The maximum soil respiration rate in soybean planted soil was 2.4 times as high as and appeared earlier than that in cotton planted soil. In the soil planted soybean, the respiration rate for growing stages was seedling