冀北山地蒙古栎天然林土壤物理性质及水源涵养功能研究

对冀北山地不同坡位的蒙古栎天然林土壤水分物理性质及水源涵养能力进行了初步研究.结果表明,0-40 cm土层土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、有效持水量均表现为:坡中＞坡下＞坡上,土壤容重在1.0～1.1 g/cm3之间；土壤非毛管孔隙度和有效持水量均值为8.9％和347.6 t/hm2.土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、毛管持水量和最大持水量均表现为:坡下＞坡中＞坡上,其均值分别是38.5％,47.5％,1 521.50t/hm2和l 869.1 t/hm2.枯落物厚度、蓄积量和最大持水量表现为:坡下＞坡上＞坡中,其均值分别是48.7 cm,23.5 t/hm2和49.3 t/hm2,最大持水率表现为:坡上＞坡中＞坡下,变化范围为219.3％～231.8％.蒙古栎天然林林地蓄水能力表现为:坡下(1 996.0 t/hm2)＞坡中(1 930.0 t/hm2)＞坡上(1 829.3 t/hm2),平均蓄水量为1 918.4 t/hm2.由此可知,蒙古栎天然林蓄水能力受坡位影响较大.

Soil Physical Properties and Water Conservation Function of Natural Quercus Mongolica Forest in Mountainous Area of Northern Hebei Province

Soil physical properties and water conservation of Natural Quercus mongolicaforest were studied atdifferent slope positions in the mountainous area of Northern Hebei Province.The results showed that soilbulk density,soil non-capillary porosity,and effective water storage at the upper 40cm soil layer varied atdifferent slope positions,in a descending order as middle slope>lower slope>upslope.Soil bulk density varied between 1.0g/cm³ and 1.1g/cm³.The means of soil non-capillary porosity and effective water storageamount were 8.9%and 347.6t/hm²,respectively.Soil capillary porosity,total porosity,soil capillary waterstorage and maximum water storage at different slopes had average values of 38.5%,47.5 %,1 521.5t/hm²,and 1 869.1t/hm²,respectively,with the highest values at lower slope and the lowest at upslope.The litter thickness,total litter and maximum water storage had averages of 48.7cm,23.6t/hm²,and 49.3t/hm²,respectively,and can be ranked in terms of slope positions as:lower slope>upslope>middle slope.Maximum water holding capacity varied from 219.34%to 231.8%,exhibited highest values at upslope,followed by middle slope,and then lower slope.Water storage of the forest at different positions can be arranged in a descending order as:lower slope(1 996.0t/hm²)>middle slope(1 930.0t/hm²)>upslope(1 829.3t/hm²).The average value of water storage was 1 918.4t/hm².The results indicated that waterstorage capacity of natural Quercus mongolicaforest was significantly affected by slope position.