节水灌溉技术在制种玉米上的应用研究

通过TDR土壤水分测定仪结合作物指标常规测定方法研究了不同节水灌溉技术在制种玉米上的应用效果.从制种玉米生长发育动态,土壤水分变化规律,耗水规律,产量及经济效益等方面比较了不同灌水技术的优越性.研究结果表明,各项节水技术均具有明显的节水效果,但综合考虑节水、增产效应后,垄作沟灌、调亏灌溉和冬季免储水灌等节水灌溉技术在河西地区较适宜发展.垄作沟灌、调亏灌溉和冬季免储水灌技术较常规覆膜灌溉分别节水18.3％,5.6％和14.7％；增产4.2％,9.0％和2.0 ％;增收13.6％,7.3％和6.2％；水分利用效率提高了27.1％,15.1％和19.3％.这些技术在不减少作物产量的同时可有效抑制土面无效蒸发,降低灌溉定额,提高水分利用率及经济效益,是河西地区制种玉米产业发展和地区经济社会可持续发展急需推广的节水技术.

Application of Water Saving Irrigation Technology on Corn for Seed

A field experiment was conducted to determine the application effects of different water-saving irrigation technologies on corn for seed.Soil moisture was measured using TDR and for crop indexes were determined by conventional methods at the same time.Soil moisture variations,and growth and development dynamics,water consumption,yield and economic benefit of the plant were also determined.Total water saving,water use efficiency and yield effect were then calculated for each irrigation method.The results indicated that raised ridge,regulated deficit irrigation,free water storage irrigation techniques demonstrated desirable benefits in water saving and yield increasing.Comparing with the conventional irrigation with plasticmulch,the three new techniques saved 18.29%,5.59%and 14.74%of the total water use;improved yieldby 4.20%,9.02%and 2.01%;increased income by 13.58%,7.33%and 6.24%;and enhanced water useefficiency by 27.11%,15.06%and 19.28%,respectively.These techniques can effectively reduce soil surface evaporation and then water needs,improve water use efficiency,improve economic efficiency but keepsame level of yield at the same time.It is urgent to promote water-saving technology for industry development and regional sustainable development of economy and society in Hexi inland area.