Ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation: extracellular enzyme production and degradation rate |
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Authors: | ?eněk Novotný Kate?ina Svobodová Tomáš Cajthaml Elke Lang |
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Institution: | a Laboratory of Experimental Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic b Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b 38124 Braunschweig, Germany |
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Abstract: | Ligninolytic fungi can be used for remediation of pollutants in water and soil. Extracellular peroxidases and laccases have been shown to oxidize recalcitrant compounds in vitro but the likely significance of individual enzyme levels in vivo remains unclear. This study documents the amounts and activities of Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase and laccase (LAC) in various species of ligninolytic fungi grown in liquid medium and soil and their effect on degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene and pyrene), a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture (Delor 106) and a number of synthetic dyes. Stationary cultures of a highly degradative strain Irpex lacteus exhibited 380-fold and 2-fold increase in production of MnP and LAC, respectively, compared to submerged cultures. Addition of Tween 80 to the submerged culture increased MnP levels 260-fold. High levels of MnP correlated with efficient decolorization of Reactive Orange 16 azo dye but not of Remazol Brilliant Blue R anthraquinone dye. Degradation of anthracene and pyrene in spiked soil by straw-grown explorative mycelium of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus showed the importance of MnP and LAC levels secreted into the soil. The importance of high fungal enzyme levels for efficient degradation of recalcitrant compounds was better demonstrated in liquid media compared to the same strains growing in soil. |
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Keywords: | Ligninolytic fungi Bioremediation Organopollutants Peroxidases Laccase Degradation rate |
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