橡胶树种子油的超临界提取及成分分析

目的]研究橡胶树种子油的超临界流体萃取工艺及脂肪酸组成，为橡胶树种子生产生物柴油的研究提供依据。方法]用正交试验设计研究萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间和夹带剂用量对提取种子油的影响，并对脂肪酸的组成进行气质分析。结果]超临界CO2流体萃取橡胶种子油的最佳条件：萃取温度为45℃，萃取压力为40MPa，萃取时间为2．5h，乙醇夹带剂用量15％，在此条件下，橡胶树种子油的出油率达到19．60％，并且油的色泽清亮。橡胶树种子油的气相色谱－质谱联用仪分析，应用色谱面积归一化法计算分别为：肉豆蔻酸0．13％、棕榈酸9．34％、棕榈油酸0．30％、硬脂酸8．07％、油酸25．90％、亚油酸39．79％、亚麻酸15．75％、花生酸0．34％、花生－烯酸O．38％，不饱和脂肪酸含量高达82．12％，有利于生物柴油的制备。结论]超临界CO2流体萃取的橡胶种子油可作为制备生物柴油的一种潜在资源。

Research on the Supercritical Extraction of Seed Oil from Rubber Tree and Its Composition Analysis

Objective] The reference for the study on the bio-diesel from rubber tree was provided through the test of supercritical extraction process of seed oil and its composition of fatty acid.Method] The effect of the extraction temperature, pressure, time and the amount of co-solvent on seed oil was studied with the orthogonal experimental design and the analysis of the composition of fatty acid was conducted.Results] The best condition of the extraction of rubber seed oil with CO2 supercritical fluid was as follows: the extraction temperature, 45 ℃; the extraction pressure, 40 MPa; the extraction time, 2.5 hours; the amount of ethanol co-solvent, 15% and under these conditions, the extraction rate of rubber tree seed oil was 19.60% and with the color of clear oil.The calculative value of HPLC area normalization was as follows: the myristic acid, 0.13%; the palmitic acid, 9.34%; the palm oil acid, 0.30%; the stearic acid, 8.07%; the oleic acid, 25.90%; the linoleic acid, 39.79%; the linolenic acid, 15.75%; the arachidic acid, 0.34%; the peanut-acid, 0.38% and the unsaturated fatty acid, 82.12% with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which was conducive to the preparation of bio-diesel.Conclusion] The supercritical CO2 fluid extraction of rubber seed oil can be used as the potential preparation of bio-diesel resource.