农地流转对农业生态效率的影响及作用机制分析

探究农地流转对农业生态效率的影响，对促进中国农地的高效、低碳利用和农业的绿色发展具有重要意义。本文基于2005—2021年的中国省级面板数据，采用SBM模型对各省份农业生态效率进行测度，用固定效应模型、门槛回归模型和中介效应模型实证分析了农地流转对农业生态效率的作用机制，揭示了农地经营规模和农业机械化服务在两者之间的中介作用。结果表明：1）中国农业生态效率在2005—2021年间总体呈上升趋势，但存在地区差异，其中东部地区>西部地区>中部地区；2）农地流转显著提高了农业生态效率，且该影响存在门槛效应，当农地流转面积超过门槛值后，对农业生态效率的正向影响会下降；3）农地流转通过扩大农地经营规模、推动农业机械化服务提高农业生态效率。为提高农业生态效率，本研究建议：加快推动农地流转水平，扩大农地经营规模，推动农业机械化服务，结合区域差异性，重视西部地区的农地流转。

The analysis of the impacts and mechanism of farmland transfer on agroecological efficiency

Exploring the effects of farmland transfer on agroecological efficiency is of great significance for promoting the efficient and low-carbon utilization of farmland and the green development of agriculture in China. Based on a panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2021, and applying the SBM model, this paper calculated the agroecological efficiency of each province, and conducted an empirical analysis of the mechanism of the impacts of farmland transfer on agroecological efficiency by the fixed-effect model, the threshold regression model and the mediating effect model, and identify the mediating effect between the extent of farmland management scale and agricultural mechanization services. Results show that: 1) Agroecological efficiency in China showed an overall upward trend with regional disparities from 2005 to 2021, with eastern region > western region > central region; 2) Farmland transfer greatly enhances agroecological efficiency with a threshold effect. The positive impact on agroecological efficiency decreases when the area of farmland transferred exceeds the threshold; 3) Farmland transfer can improve agroecological efficiency by expanding the scale of farmland management and promote agricultural mechanization services. To improve the agroecological efficiency, this study suggests: accelerating the promotion of the level of farmland transfer; expanding the scale of farmland management, promoting agricultural mechanization services, and paying attention to farmlnad transfer in the western region.