湖北省3个地方鸭品种遗传多样性研究*

 通过选用28个多态性较好的微卫星标记，检测了湖北3个地方鸭品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度（H）、多态信息含量（PIC）和群体间的标准遗传距离（D_s）。结果表明：28个微卫星位点中有26个微卫星位点在3个鸭群体中的多态信息含量均为高度多态，可作为有效的遗传标记用于各鸭品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。3个鸭品种中，平均杂合度范围是0.596~0.603，各鸭种的杂合度都较高，最高的是荆江麻鸭（0.603），最低的是沔阳麻鸭，而且杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。对D_s遗传距离的计算表明：用UPGMA法进行聚类分析，结果3个鸭品种被聚为2类：荆江麻鸭和沔阳麻鸭为第1类；恩施麻鸭为第2类。这与各鸭品种的起源、分化、选育历史及地理分布基本一致。本研究结果为中国地方鸭品种种质特性研究提供了基础，也为中国地方鸭品种资源的合理保护和开发利用提供了科学依据。

Genetic Diversity of 3 Indigenous Duck Breeds in Hubei

28 microsatellite markers with high polymorphisms were selected to detect the genetic diversity of 3 indigenous duck breeds in Hubei province.According to the allele frequencies of 28 microsatellite loci in the populations assayed,mean heterozygosity(H),polymorphism information content(PIC) and standard genetic distances(Ds) were calculated for each breed.The results showed that 26 of 28 microsatellite sites were high polymorphic,so the 26 microsatellite markers were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship among duck breeds.The mean heterozygosity of 3 duck breeds was all over 0.5.The highest was in the Jingjiang Ma(0.603),and in the Mianyang Ma was the lowest(0.596).The high diversity of 3 duck breeds might lie in the traffic obstruction.The results of the heterozygosity were consistent with that of PIC.UPGMA tree was completed through analysis of Ds.Jingjiang Ma and Mianyang Ma were the first group;Enshi Ma were the second group.The phylogenetic relationship among different duck breeds was in accordance with their breeding history,diffrentiation and localities.These results could provide basic molecular data for the research on the characteristics of local breeds in Hubei and scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of these breeds.