不同种植年限设施地土壤养分和重金属含量的变化特征

为了解设施地土壤的理化性质,以江苏省苏北地区大棚土壤为例,研究种植年限分别为1,3,5,7 a大棚土壤含水量、全N、全P、全K和重金属含量的变化情况。结果表明,随着种植年限的增加,设施地土壤含水量显著降低,随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量进一步降低。设施地土壤全N、全P和全K含量比大田高,特别是全N和全K积累量大,且分布于耕作层,随着土层深度的增加全N和全K含量变化较大;同时,随着种植年限增加,设施地土壤全N、全P和全K含量显著增加,7 a左右的设施地土壤20 cm耕作层中的全N含量分别为1.99,1.87,2.40 g/kg;全P含量分别为1.03,1.01,1.74 g/kg;全K含量分别为1.94,3.52,4.40 g/kg,且全N和全K含量随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,与土层深度的变化呈显著负相关关系。随着种植年限的增加重金属含量增加,7 a左右大棚种植年限扬州和连云港地区20 cm土层中的Pb含量分别为194,225 mg/kg;淮安地区不同种植年限20 cm土层的Cd含量分别为0.80,0.93,1.14,2.49 mg/kg;扬州和连云港地区无论种植年限多久,Cr含量均大于120 mg/kg;扬州地区As含量均大于25 mg/kg,Pb、Cr和As含量随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,与土层深度的变化呈显著负相关关系。所以设施地随着种植年限的增加,土壤理化性质会发生变化,应采取措施保持土壤含水量,防止土壤板结、盐渍化,消除重金属累积。

Characteristics of Soil Nutrient and Heavy Metal Content with the Different Years of Cultivation

In order to know the physical and chemical properties of protected vegetable soil,water content,total N,P,K and heavy metal content in the protected vegetable soil were studied in the north of Jiangsu province with the different years of cultivation(1,3,5,7 years).The results showed that water content significantly decreased with the increase of the cultivation time and soil depth.Total N,P and K contents in the protected vegetable soil were higher than the field soil,especially total N and total K contents...