红壤丘陵区次降雨条件下果园不同间套种模式径流与泥沙输移特征

以江西德安县燕沟小流域坡地原位径流小区长期（2002-2005年）观测试验为基础,对比分析了红壤丘陵区典型小流域内果园不同间套种模式下的径流与泥沙输移特征及其对降雨的响应,并探讨果园间套种模式下的土壤结构、持水力变化与系统环境协调的内在途径。长期监测结果表明：草本间作显著地减少了坡地果园地表径流（80%）和泥沙（95%）运移,其中百喜草种植最大程度地减少了地表径流与泥沙在坡地上的运移;套种农作物模式中,纵坡耕作比横坡耕作增加了20%的径流损失和77%的泥沙运移损失。尽管简易横坡耕作措施能减少水土流失,但其侵蚀量随径流量增大而增加幅度最高（拟合方程线性斜率为2.68）,因此在季风气候区暴雨多发的条件下,可能不是红壤丘陵区有效减少水土流失的最佳选择;降雨量是影响红壤丘陵区坡地土壤侵蚀的关键因素。基于降雨资料的预测模型可以为鄱阳湖流域综合治理提供有效的决策支持;多种间套种模式的水土保持效应对比研究为区域内农林复合系统的综合效益评估提供科学的评价基础。

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Production from Orchard Plots Under Different Mixed and Relay Plantations in Hilly Area with Red Soils

Based on the long term(2002-2005) in situ runoff plots observation experiment in Yan gully catchment in Dean county,Jiangxi province,the characteristics of runoff and eroded sediment under different mixed and relay plantation types and their response to rainfall events were compared to identify the effects of mixed and relay plantation on the soil erosion of sloping orchard land.The interaction between the soil structure,soil water retention capacity and external environmental forces,such as rainfall,evapor...