不同密度和种薯大小对产量及主要农艺性状的影响

为了明确在黑龙江省哈尔滨地区生态条件下，不同种植密度和不同种薯大小对马铃薯产量及主要农艺性状的影响，以密度为主处理，种薯大小为副处理进行了二因素裂区试验。供试材料为品种东农303。不同密度间，块茎数和总产有显著差异，两性状随密度的增加而增加。不同种善大小间，除净产量只达0．05显著水平外，其它性状均达0．01显著水平。株高、主茎数／每穴、块茎数随种薯大小的增大星线性增长，而总产、商品薯块茎数、商品薯产量、净产量随种薯大小的变化规律则只能用二次多项式来描述。采用新复极差法对各性状在不同密度及不同种薯大小下的表现作了多重比较。要想获得较高的商品薯产量及净产量，并考虑节约用种，提高繁殖倍数，在黑龙江省哈尔滨地区生态条件下，东农303的株行距应为30cm×70cm，种薯大小应为50～80g。

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANTING DENSITY AND SEED TUBER SIZE ON YIELD AND MAIN AGRONOMIC TRAITS

In order to understand the effects of planting density and seed tuber size on yield and main agronomic traits in the conditions of the Harbin region of Heilongjiang province,a splitplot experiment was carried out with planting density being assigned to the main plot and seed tuber size to subplot. The cultivar NEA 303,which is popular in Heilongjiang, was used as the planting material. Tuber number and total yield shown a significant difference among different treatments of planting density. The two traits were increased with the density. Among the treatments of seed tuber size,all traits studied shown highly significant difference with the exception of net yield, which was significant only at the level of 0. 05. Plant height,main stem number per hill and tuber number were increased linearly with seed tuber size, but total yield, marketable tuber number, marketable tuber yield and net yield can be explained only with a second polynomial. Multiple comparisons were made to the various traits under different planting densities and seed tuber sizes by using the DMRT method. In the conditions of Harbin, Heilongjiang, the seed tuber size ranging 50~ 80g planted at the density with plants 70cm between rows and 30cm within the row should be practised if high marketable tuber yield, high net yield, high multiplication rate and low seed tuber input were aimed.