木犀科梣属(Fraxinus)三心皮子房的确证及其系统学意义

木犀科(Oleaceae)属(Fracinus,又称白蜡树属)的一些植物除具有2心皮房外,还具有3心皮子房的变异类型,但在国内外重要的植物分类学和系统学文献中均未承认木犀科和属植物具有3心皮子房。本文对北京和郑州栽植的6种属植物的果实进行了形态、解剖和统计研究,结果表明:(1)某些属植物青(F.pennsylvanicaMars.var.subintegerrima(Vahl.)Fern.)和美国白蜡树(F.americanaLinn.)]同时存在着两种不同类型的果实:源于2心皮的果实和源于3心皮的果实;(2)源于3心皮的果实少于源于2心皮的果实;(3)源于3心皮的果实3室,柱头3裂,果实有3翅,与2心皮果实(2室、柱状2裂,果实有2翅)明显不同;(4)从果实横切片看:3心皮果实的维管束比2心皮果实的维管束小、细,分布也没有2心皮果实均匀,而且相临维管束常出现合并。上述结果证实了木犀科和属除2心皮子房(2室)外,还具有3心皮子房(3室)的变异类型。

Corroboration of 3 - carpel ovary of Fraxinus Linn.(Oleaceae) and its systematic significance

EXCEPT 2-CARPEL OVARY FRAXINUS ALSO EMBRACES 3-CARPEL'S.BUT THE MOST FAMOUS AND IMPORTANT WORKS OF TAXONOMY AND SYSTEMATICS IN THE WORLD DO NOT MENTION THIS CHARACTER.MORPHOLOGICAL,ANATOMICAL AND STATISTICAL STUDIES WERE DONE ON FRUITS OF F.PENNSYLVANICA MARS.VAR.SUBINTEGERRIMA(VAHL.)FERN.UOLLECTED FROM TWO CITIES,BEIJING AND ZHENGZHOU,IN CHINA.THE RESULTS CONFIRM ITS FRUITS ARE COMPRISED BY 2-CARPEL'S AND 3-CARPEL'S.THE AMOUNT OF 3-CARPEL'S FRUITS IS LESS THAN 2-CARPEL'S.THE FORMER'S FRUIT IS 3-CELLED,STIGMA 3-LOBED AND FRUIT 3-WING,WHICH IS DIFFERENT FROM THE LATER'S.SEEN FROM THE FRUIT'S CROSS SECTIONS,THE VASCULAR BUNDLES IN EACH CARPEL OF 3-CARPEL'S FRUIT ARE SMALLER,THINNER THAN 2-CARPEL'S.THE MERGING BETWEEN THE NEAR VASCULAR BUNDLES OF 3-CARPEL'FRUITS IS SEEN MORE EASILY THAN 2-CARPEL'S.3-CARPEL'S FRUITS ARE ALSO FOUND IN F.AMERICANA LINN.,BUT NOT SEEN IN F.BUNGEANA DC.,F.MANDSCHURICA RUPR., F.EXCELSIOR LINN.AND F.ORNUS LINN.).THESE RESULTS CORROBORATE THE CHARACTER OF 3-CARPEL OVARY IN OLEACEAE AND FRAXINUS.