干旱条件下抗蒸腾剂对玉米的生理效应研究

本试验在干旱条件下就4种抗蒸腾剂[Fulvic Acid)、PMA(Phenylmercuric Acetate)、NF(Nu Film)和VG(Vapor Gard)]对两个玉米品种(丹玉13和中单120)的生理效应进行了研究。结果表明,PMA致使玉米耔粒产量提高15.35%,FA 的增产幅度为6.93%～11.60%。增产原因主要是增加了穗粒数和千粒重。NF 和VG 对玉米产量影响不大。叶面喷施FA 和PMA 能明显提高玉米叶片的光合速率、水势、硝酸还原酶和超氧物歧化酶的活性,增大气孔阻力,降低蒸腾速率,明显减小气孔开度,推迟气孔最大开度出现的时间,缩短气孔开放的时问,并减少开张的气孔数目。NF和VG 的效果不如FA 和PMA 的效果明显。

Physiological Effect of Antitranspirants on Maize under Drought Conditions

The effect of 4 antitranspirants(Fulvic Acid(FA),phenylmercuric Acetate(PMA),Nu-Film(NF),and Vapor Gard(VG))on two maize(Zea mays L.)cultivars was studied.Foliar application ofantitranspirants was carried out at the booting stage(about 10 days beforesilking)for fields maize and 10 days after emergence for pot-culture maizeseedlings.The leaf photosynthetic rate(LPR),leaf transpiration rate(LTR),leaf water potential(LWP),relative water content(RWC)ofleaf,nitrate reductase activity(NRA),superoxide dismutase activity(SODa),stomata opening and grain yield were investigated.The resultshowed that FA and PMA were obviously effective for increase of LPR,LWP,RWC,NRA and SODa.FA and PMA inhibited the stomataopening,reduced the number of opened stomata,shortened the time ofstomata open,and postponed the appearance of the maximum opening ofstomata.FA and PMA caused an increase of grain yield by 6.93% to11.6% and 15.35%,respecfively.NF and VG were much less effectivethan FA and PMA.