核诱变技术在冬小麦育种中的应用研究

８０年代以来，采用不同诱变技术选育出２００多个稳定株系，经筛选、鉴定、综合评议选育出４０多个优良新品系。辐射与杂交相结合选育的稳定株系占总株系的４５．６％；辐照干种子的选育效果恒定，稳定株系及优良新品系所占比率均达１１％以上；辐照干种子、花粉以及辐射与植物细胞组织培养相结合，三代即可选育出一定数量的稳定株系。从稳定株系优异性状的选择看出；辐照干种子、辐射与杂交相结合以及辐照花粉、合子等对于提早抽穗、改良熟性作用较大；幼胚离体培养与辐照诱变相结合利于选择大穗、大粒型材料。

Application of Nuclear Energy to Induce Mutation in Breeding of Winter Wheat

Since 1980s,more than 200 stable lines have been bred by using different techniques for inducing mutation,and more than 40 superior lines have been sotten by selecting after identifying and comprehensive evaluating. Radiation combined with crossing has bred 45. 6% stable lines of total. Results of breeding by radiating dry seed were constant, with the rate of stable or superior lines over 11 %. Radiating dry seed or pollen in combination with tissue culture of plant cells created a fair number of stable lines after three geminations. on account of selectins superior characters of stable lines, radiating dry seed, pollen and zygoto, and radisting in combination with crossing forced the spike to emerge earlier and improve maturing character. In vitro culture of young embryo combined with radiation helped select large spike and srain materials.