陕西省彬县近53年来气温及降水变化对白梨物候的影响

对陕西省气象局1957—2009年气温与降雨资料及陕西省经济作物气象服务台2001—2009年白梨物候观测资料进行了统计分析。结果表明:近53年来彬县气温呈极显著线性上升趋势,平均上升0.178℃/10a,降水量呈下降趋势,平均减少8.57 mm/10a,气候趋向暖干化;气温是影响白梨物候变化的主要因子,气候变暖,白梨成熟前物候期提前,成熟需要时间缩短,落叶期延迟,使得整个生长发育期变长;气候趋向暖干化增加了白梨生长需要的热量,减少白梨在春季花期冻害;7—8月是白梨生长需水期,降雨呈减少趋势,应注意补水灌溉。

Variation of Climate and its impact on phonological period and growth of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd in Binxian of Shaanxi Province in last 53 years

Analysis was made of 1957—2009 meteorological data(temperature and rainfall) from Shaanxi Meteorological Administration and 2001—2009 Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd phonological observation date from Meteorological Service Station for Economic Crops.The results show that,the temperature rise in Binxian in Weibei dryland had an extremely significant linear increase in last 53 years,and the annual average temperature increased by 0.178℃/10a,while the precipitation had a tendency to decrease,and the annual average rainfall decreased by 8.57 mm/10a.The climate in Binxian tend to warming and drying. The main factor affecting phenological changes was temperature.With climate warming,the phenophase before maturity was advanced,the time to mature became shorter,and the deciduous period postponed,which led the whole growth period getting longer.Climate warming and drying increased the heat Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd needed for growth,and decreased the cold threaten in spring florescence.July to August was the period when Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd required much water,since the rainfall at this period reduced,we should notice adding water irrigation.