黑龙江省南部玉米田间土壤湿度长期时空变化特征及与产量的关系

应用黑龙江省南部1983—2009年15个农业气象观测站玉米生长季的土壤湿度资料,采用气候倾向率统计方法,利用GIS空间分析模块,分析了黑龙江省玉米生长季不同生育期土壤相对湿度的时空变化特征及与产量的关系。结果表明:近27年来黑龙江省南部玉米生长季不同生育期土壤相对湿度均呈下降趋势,与降水量呈极显著正相关;土壤相对湿度的空间分布存在明显差异,黑龙江省玉米产区松嫩平原中东大部及三江平原土壤相对湿度正常或偏高,松嫩平原西部土壤相对湿度偏低。土壤相对湿度年变化倾向率空间分布特征为松嫩平原中东大部、牡丹江大部呈下降趋势,仅少数地区呈增加趋势。松嫩平原西部偏旱地区的青冈、泰来玉米实际单产与生长季各生育期的土壤相对湿度均呈显著的正相关,土壤偏干或偏湿对玉米的产量形成均存在不利的影响。

Characteristics of long-term temporal and spatial variation of corn field soil moisture and relationship between soil moisture and corn yield in South Heilongjiang

Based on the observation data of soil moisture during corn growing season(from May to September) in 1983—2009 from 15 agro-meteorological stations in South Heilongjiang Province,with the statistical method of the climatic tendency rate and trend coefficient,using of GIS spatial analysis module,the characteristics of spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture and relationship between them at different growth stages of corn growing season in South Heilongjiang Province were analyzed.The results showed that: Soil moisture during different growth stages of corn in 1983—2009 had a decreasing trend and was significantly positively correlated to precipitation;The spatial distribution of soil moisture was obviously different in various areas,the soil moisture was normal or relatively higher in Sanjiang Plain and the middle agricultural area,while it was relatively lower in western Songnen Plain.The spatial distribution of annual change trend rate of soil moisture showed that: Most of the Middle East Songnen Plain and most of Mudanjiang area had a decreasing trend, only a few areas showed an increasing trend.In the dry areas of Qinggang and Tailai in western Songnen Plain,corn yield and the actual growth period of each growing season and soil moisture showed a significantly positive correlation,and partial dry or wet soil had a adverse influence on corn yield.