不同灌溉模式对中麦349生长发育的影响

在田间限量灌溉条件下,以小偃22为对照,研究了4种灌溉模式对中麦349干物质转移效率、籽粒灌浆速率、产量及其构成因素、土壤含水率等方面的影响.结果表明,不同灌溉后各营养器官干物质转移量及对籽粒的贡献率均降低,叶源的光合性能提高,花后光合产物向籽粒的分配量增加；籽粒灌浆期延长,中后期灌浆速率提高,粒重增大；穗数、穗粒教、千粒重以及产量均提高.相同灌溉模式下,中麦349较对照干物质转移量及对籽粒的贡献率均较大,但各灌溉模式干物质转移量及对籽粒贡献率均较对照下降幅度较大；对照模式下,中麦349较对照营养器官干物质向籽粒运输量大,对籽粒贡献率较大,产量较多次灌溉减产较少,耐旱程度较强.中麦349两水与三水处理无显著差异,以浇越冬水+拨节水+灌浆水产量最高,小偃22以浇越冬水+拔节水模式产量最高.在浇一水模式中,两品种均以浇拔节水产量较高.

Growth and development of Zhongmai 349 under different irrigation patterns

The effects of four irrigation patterns on soil water content, translocation of dry matter, grain filling rate, yield and yield components of Zhongmai 349 were studied under the condition of field experiment, with Xiaoyan 22 as the control. The results showed that the soil water content was increased and the translocation of dry matter in vegetative organs and its contribution to filling-grains were decreased. Besides, photosynthetic performance of leaves, and photosynthetic products to grain were increased after flowering , and grain-filling stage was prolonged, grain-filling rate in the middle and late period was increased, grain weight increased, spike number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield also improved after irrigation. In the same mode, the transportation of dry matter and its contribution to grains were much more in Zhongmai 349. In each irrigation mode, the transportation of dry matter and contribution rate to grain decreased much more than control; under the case control, more transportation of dry matter from nutrition organs above the ground to grains was observed in Zhongmai 349, and its contribution to grains was largely increased, thus this could reduce the influence in which source productivity deficiency happened, and the decreasing yield would reduce when water stress was applied than frequent irrigation, it was stronger in drought resistance. The filling rate was higher in the middle developmental stage. There was no significant difference between irrigating twice and three times in Zhongmai 349, but the yield in treatment of irrigation three times was higher. The highest yield among treatments in Xiaoyan 22 was the winter water + jointing water treatment, and being irrigated once, and the yield was higher when water was irrigated at node enlongation stage only.