Phytoremediation of Mixed Soil Contaminants |
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Authors: | Armuthur S Ramamurthy Ramin Memarian |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Civil Engineering, Concordia University, 1515 St. Catherine W, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3G 2W1 |
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Abstract: | Tests were conducted to study the influence of non-ionic surfactants Triton X-100 and Tween 80 on the removal of mixed contaminants
from a sandy soil using phytoremediation. Cd(II) and Pb(II) were used to form the inorganic contaminant, while used engine
oil was selected to form the organic contaminant. The Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) plant was the plant chosen for phytoremediation of the sandy soil that contained the mixed contaminant. Thirty days after
the plants were grown in the greenhouse, surfactants were applied to test pots in which the soil had been spiked with 50 mg kg−1 of CdCl2, 500 mg kg−1 of PbCl2 and 500 mg kg−1 of used engine oil. Two control tests were conducted in this study. Planted and unplanted control tests were conducted using
soil without surfactants. Following these tests, the tests were completed using the plants and surfactants at different concentrations.
Test results showed that Triton X-100 and Tween 80 at concentrations higher than their critical micellar concentration enhanced
Cd(II) and Pb(II) accumulation in the plant roots. Further, test data showed that translocation of contaminants to plant shoots
occurred for Cd(II) but not for Pb(II). At the same concentrations, Tween 80 was more effective than Triton X-100 in facilitating
rhizodegradation of used engine oil. This study demonstrates that simultaneous phytoremediation of Pb(II), Cd(II) and oil
can be enhanced by using non-ionic surfactant Tween 80. Leaching test results indicated that the enhanced phytoremediation
could remove the mixed contaminants safely from the point of view of limiting groundwater contamination. |
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