Infection process of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium graminearum</Emphasis> in oats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avena sativa</Emphasis> L.) |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Selamawit?TekleEmail author Ruth?Dill-Macky Helge?Skinnes Anne?Marte?Tronsmo ?smund?Bj?rnstad |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences,Norwegian University of Life Sciences,?s,Norway;2.Department of Plant Pathology,University of Minnesota,St. Paul,USA |
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Abstract: | Fusarium head blight in small grain cereals has emerged as a major problem in the Nordic countries. However, the impact of
this disease in oats has been less investigated than in other cereals. For this reason we have studied the infection process
(the optimal time of infection and infection pathways) of Fusarium graminearum in oats and its subsequent effects on kernel infection, deoxynivalenol (DON) content and germination capacity. In a field
experiment the oat cultivar Morton was spray-inoculated at different developmental stages, and the highest kernel infection
and DON content and lowest germination percentage were observed when inoculation took place at anthesis. Field grown oats
affected by a natural Fusarium head blight epidemic and spray-inoculated field and greenhouse oats were used to study the
infection pathway. Results showed that the fungus entered primarily through the floret apex into the floret cavity, where
it could infect via the internal surfaces of the palea, lemma and caryopsis. Both visual symptoms and fungal infections started at the apical
portions of the florets and progressed to the basal portions. Hyphae of F. graminearum grew more profusely on the anthers than on other floret parts during initial stages of infection. Disease development within
the oat panicle was slow and is primarily by physical contact between adjoining florets, indicating that the long pedicels
give Type II resistance in oats. |
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