苹果主要病虫害全程生物农药防控效果

为研究苹果主要病虫害全程生物农药防控效果，2020、2021年在苹果休眠期使用石硫合剂和腐殖酸铜，在生长期选择多种生物农药，包括苦参碱、中生菌素、多抗霉素、大黄素甲醚、枯草芽胞杆菌、苏云金芽胞杆菌和鱼藤酮等，监测了苹果斑点落叶病、褐斑病、苹果黄蚜和苹果小卷叶蛾的发生与为害。结果显示，2020年全程喷施生物农药对苹果斑点落叶病、褐斑病、苹果黄蚜和苹果小卷叶蛾的防治效果最低值分别为82.08%、80.07%、86.04%和86.77%；2021年则分别为87.90%、86.90%、89.67%和88.25%，均接近于化学农药为主的防控区。同时，生物农药防控区未出现任何药害。研究表明苹果全生育期喷施生物农药，可有效控制苹果主要病虫害，对苹果园化学农药减施增效具有重要指导意义。

Control of the Main Apple Diseases and Insect Pests by Biopesticides during the Whole Season

Lime sulphur and other biopesticides were sprayed in apple orchards in 2020 and 2021 to investigate their control of the main apple diseases and insect pests during the whole season. The occurrence and damage of Alternaria mali, Marssonina mali, Aphis citricola, and Adoxophyes orana were monitored. The results showed that the lowest control efficiency of biopesticides sprayed during the whole apple season against A. mali, M. mali, A. citricola, and A. orana were 82.08%, 80.07%, 86.04%, and 86.77% in 2020, respectively, and were 87.90%, 86.90%, 89.67%, and 88.25% in 2021, respectively. No significant difference in control efficiency was observed between biopesticides and chemical pesticides. Furthermore, no phytotoxicity was observed with biopesticides. Therefore, biopesticides sprayed during the whole apple season afford effective control of the main diseases and insect pests in apple orchards, which may help reduce the application of chemical pesticides in apple orchards.