日本设施农业采收机器人研究应用进展及对中国的启示

设施农业智能装备是设施农业稳定、高品质、高效生产的必要保障。日本智能采收装备已有近四十年的研发经验，其发展具有一定启发和借鉴意义。本文综述了日本设施农业采收机器人的研究应用进展，分析了基于农机农艺结合的茄科（番茄、茄子、青椒）、葫芦科（黄瓜、瓜类水果）、芦笋和草莓等10种设施农业采收机器人的采收技术，其中详细对比了番茄、草莓等几种蔬菜历代采收机器人的设计理念及其优点与不足。分析了设施农业采收机器人面临的科学问题及解决方案，总结了未来发展趋势及对中国的启发。本文可为加速推进中国设施农业采收机器人的智慧化、智能化和产业化发展提供借鉴参考。

Research Progress and Enlightenment of Japanese Harvesting Robot in Facility Agriculture

Intelligent equipment is necessary to ensure stable, high-quality, and efficient production of facility agriculture. Among them, intelligent harvesting equipment needs to be designed and developed according to the characteristics of fruits and vegetables, so there is little large-scale mechanization. The intelligent harvesting equipment in Japan has nearly 40 years of research and development history since the 1980s, and the review of its research and development products has specific inspiration and reference significance. First, the preferential policies that can be used for harvesting robots in the support policies of the government and banks to promote the development of facility agriculture were introduced. Then, the development of agricultural robots in Japan was reviewed. The top ten fruits and vegetables in the greenhouse were selected, and the harvesting research of tomato, eggplant, green pepper, cucumber, melon, asparagus, and strawberry harvesting robots based on the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy was analyzed. Next, the commercialized solutions for tomato, green pepper, and strawberry harvesting system were detailed and reviewed. Among them, taking the green pepper harvesting robot developed by the start-up company AGRIST Ltd. in recent years as an example, the harvesting robot developed by the company based on the Internet of Things technology and artificial intelligence algorithms was explained. This harvesting robot can work 24 h a day and can control the robot's operation through the network. Then, the typical strawberry harvesting robot that had undergone four generations of prototype development were reviewed. The fourth-generation system was a systematic solution developed by the company and researchers. It consisted of high-density movable seedbeds and a harvesting robot with the advantages of high space utilization, all-day work, and intelligent quality grading. The strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and future trends of prototype and industrialized solutions developed by universities were also summarized. Finally, suggestions for accelerating the development of intelligent, smart, and industrialized harvesting robots in China's facility agriculture were provided.