摆动型水田株间除草装置设计与试验

针对水田株间除草装置伤苗率高、除草率低等问题,设计一种摆动型水田株间除草装置。阐述该装置的整体结构与工作原理,对其关键部件——偏心轮机构和除草弹齿进行理论分析与结构设计,结合弹齿往复开合运动与水稻种植农艺,分析除草弹齿运动过程与避苗系统工作机理。运用ADAMS软件,以机具前进速度和偏心轮转速为试验因素、覆盖率和入侵率为评价指标,采用2因素5水平二次回归正交旋转组合试验方法进行虚拟仿真试验。仿真结果表明:机具前进速度与偏心轮转速对覆盖率和入侵率有极显著(P<0.01)影响,机具前进速度为除草装置工作性能的主要影响因素,当机具前进速度为266.12 mm·s^-1、偏心轮转速为3.97 r·s^-1时,除草装置作业性能最优,覆盖率为85.70%,入侵率为5.62%。田间试验结果表明:当机具前进速度为270 mm·s^-1、偏心轮转速为4 r·s^-1时,除草装置的除草率为82.5%,伤苗率为5.1%,与仿真试验结果大体一致,所设计的除草装置能够满足水田株间除草农艺要求。

Design and experiment of swing intra-row weeding device for paddy field

Aiming at the problems of high seedling damage rate and low weeding rate of intra-row weeding device in paddy field, a swing intra-row weeding device for paddy field was designed. The overall structure and working principle of weeding device were illustrated and analyzed. Theoretical analysis and structural design of eccentric mechanism and weeding spring tine were carried out. Combined with the reciprocating opening and closing movement of spring tine and rice planting agronomy, the movement process of weeding spring tine and the working mechanism of seedling avoidance system were analyzed. Based on ADAMS software, by taking the machine driving speed and eccentric rotational speed as test factors, coverage rate and intrusion rate as evaluation indexes, the virtual simulation test was carried out via two factor five level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination method. The simulation results revealed that the machine driving speed and eccentric rotation speed had significant (P<0.01) impact on the coverage rate and intrusion rate, and the machine driving speed was the main factor affecting the working performance of the weeding device. When the machine driving speed was 266.12 mm·s^-1 and the eccentric rotational speed was 3.97 r·s^-1, the coverage rate was 85.70% and the intrusion rate was 5.62% in simulation. The field test results revealed that when the machine driving speed was 270 mm·s^-1 and the eccentric rotational speed was 4 r·s^-1, the weeding rate of the weeding device was 82.5% and the injury rate was 5.1%, which was roughly consistent with the simulation results. Thus, the designed weeding device could meet the requirement of weeding agronomy in paddy field.