工厂化鲜草生产中发芽基质的优化利用研究

[目的] 研究不同消杀时间,秸秆基质以及布设方法对基质发霉和小麦、玉米籽粒发芽,幼苗生长的影响,优化秸秆作为鲜草生产基质材料的方法,降低大规模鲜草生产成本。[方法] 以小麦、玉米籽粒为试验材料,分析不同煮沸消杀时间基质材料发霉情况,不同秸秆基质的小麦、玉米籽粒发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,并设置不同布设方法、颗粒大小以及物料比例,分析幼苗生长高度。[结果] 作为基质材料蒿秸秆需消杀30 min,芦苇秸秆需消杀60 min,玉米、谷子、大豆、柠条秸秆需消杀120 min。小麦、玉米籽粒在玉米、谷子、大豆、芦苇秸秆基质的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数与滤纸上无显著（P>0.05）差异。基质间布设方法的小麦、玉米幼苗高度高于其他组。在生长10 d时,粗粉与细粉基质材料处理的小麦、玉米幼苗高度无显著（P>0.05）差异。在生长3、7、10 d时,小麦在不同物料比例处理下的幼苗高度无显著（P>0.05）差异。整个观测期内,玉米在不同物料比处理下的幼苗高度均无显著（P>0.05）差异。[结论] 工厂化鲜草生产中选择玉米、谷子、大豆、芦苇秸秆作为基质材料较好,生产前基质材料需进行消杀处理,消杀时间不低于120 min;选择基质间的布设方法,秸秆颗粒长度为2 cm左右,小麦3∶1的物料比例、玉米4∶1的物料比例进行鲜草生产效果更好。

Optimalization and Application of Germinating Substrates for Industrialized Fresh Grass Production

[Objective] To assess the effects of various disinfection durations, straw substrates, and layout methods on substrates mildewing as well as germination and seedling growth of wheat and corn grains, aiming to optimize the use of straw as a substrate material for fresh grass production and to lower the cost of large-scale fresh grass production. [Method] Using wheat and corn grains as experimental materials, the mildewing status of substrate materials after different durations of disinfection by boiling was observed, and the germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of wheat and corn grains in different substrate materials were investigated. Furthermore, the impacts of various layout methods, particle sizes, and material ratios on seedling growth height were evaluated. [Result] As substrate materials, Artemisia and reed straws required a disinfection for 30 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively, and maize, millet, soybean, and Caragana straws required a disinfection for 120 minutes. Compared with the filter paper, the straw substrates of maize, millet, soybean and reed had no significant （P>0.05） changed germination rate, germination potential, and germination index of wheat and corn grains. The inside-substrate layout method had higher height of wheat and maize seedlings than the other layout methods. There was no significant （P>0.05） difference in height of wheat and maize seedlings treated with coarse flour or fine flour substrate materials on 10^th day of growth. On 3^rd, 7^th, and 10^th day of growth, no significant （P>0.05）difference in wheat seedling height was observed under different material ratios. There was no significant （P>0.05） change in maize seedling height under different material ratios during the whole experiment. [Conclusion] In industrialized fresh grass production, it is preferable to use maize, millet, soybean, and reed straw as substrate materials. Prior to production, the substrate materials must be boiled for disinfection for at least 120 minutes. Fresh grass production may achieve a better performance with the inside-substrate layout method, straw particle length of roughly 2 cm, a material ratio of 3∶1 for wheat, and a material ratio of 4∶1 for maize.