不同覆盖材料对设施葡萄根系分布及土壤理化特性的影响

为了明确日光温室栽培葡萄行间适宜的覆盖材料,采用3种不同材质的覆盖材料,使用沟壕垂直剖面法研究其对不同土层的葡萄根系数、土壤含水量、pH值、电导率(EC)以及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:覆盖无纺布、地布、地膜处理,葡萄直径<2 mm吸收根比例较高,分别为59.46%、71.43%、52.53%,而对照组中2~5 mm的根系数量更高,为41.10%;覆盖材料可以显著提升葡萄根系总数,覆盖无纺布还可以显著提升0~20 cm 根系分布比例(36.93%),对照组为15.07%;覆盖地膜、地布可以提高土壤表层的保水效果;覆盖材料会提高土壤浅层的pH值,降低EC值;覆盖材料对土壤酶活性有一定的影响,其中对土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的作用尤为明显。通过综合分析以透气性较佳的无纺布作为覆盖材料效果最好。

Effects of different covering materials on root distribution and soil physical and chemical properties of protected cultivation of grape

In order to find out the suitable covering materials for protected cultivation of grape, three kinds of covering materials were used to investigate the effects of different covering materials on the number of grape root system, soil water content, pH, EC, and enzyme activity indexes of soil urease, phosphatase, invertase and hydrogen peroxidase in different soil layers. The results showed that the proportion of absorbable roots with diameter less than 2 mm was 59.46%, 71.43% and 52.53% respectively under the treatments of non-woven cloth, ground cloth and plastic film covering, while the number of roots with diameter of 2-5 mm was 41.10% in the control; the total number of roots of protected cultivation of grape could be significantly increased by covering materials. The distribution proportion of roots with diameter of 0-20 cm could be significantly increased by covering non-woven cloth (36.93%), which was 15.07% for control; covering materials had little effect on soil water content, but covering materials could increase the pH value of shallow soil and reduce the EC value; covering materials had a certain effect on soil enzyme activities, especially on the activities of soil invertase and hydrogen peroxidase. It could be seen that the use of covering materials in protected cultivation of grape had a certain positive effect on grape root growth and soil physical and chemical properties, and the non-woven cloth with better air permeability was the best covering material.