不同品种泌乳母马不同泌乳月产奶量及乳成分的比较

目的]研究伊犁马和哈萨克马泌乳母马在不同泌乳月产奶量及乳成分的差异,为开发利用伊犁马和哈萨克马乳用特性提供参考。方法]随机选择年龄和胎次相近、产驹时间接近、健康的伊犁母马和哈萨克母马各12匹,在日粮营养水平和饲养管理水平相同的条件下,记录2个品种母马在泌乳30、60、90 d的产奶量;采集乳样,测定2个品种母马不同泌乳时间的乳中体细胞数、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率和总固形物含量。结果]泌乳30 d时,哈萨克马的产奶量高于伊犁马（P>0.05）,乳脂率极显著（P<0.01）高于伊犁马,乳中体细胞数显著（P<0.05）高于伊犁马,其他乳成分指标高于伊犁马（P>0.05）。泌乳60 d时,伊犁马的产奶量和乳糖率极显著（P<0.01）高于哈萨克马,乳脂率和乳蛋白率高于哈萨克马（P>0.05）,乳中体细胞数和总固形物含量低于哈萨克马（P>0.05）。泌乳90 d时,伊犁马的产奶量显著（P<0.05）高于哈萨克马,乳糖率、总固形物含量极显著（P<0.01）高于哈萨克马,乳脂率和乳体细胞数极显著（P<0.01）低于哈萨克马,乳蛋白率高于哈萨克马（P>0.05）。结论]泌乳初期（30 d）,哈萨克马的产奶量和乳营养成分含量高于伊犁马;泌乳中期（60、90 d）,伊犁马的泌乳性能整体优于哈萨克马。在观察期内,哈萨克马的乳体细胞数大于伊犁马。

Comparison of Monthly Milk Yield and Milk Composition of Different Breeds of Lactating Mares

Objective] To characterize the differences in milk yield and composition between Yili and Kazak lactating mares throughout various lactation months, so as to provide references for development and utilization of milk characteristics of Yili and Kazak mares. Method] Twelve healthy Yili mares and twelve healthy Kazak mares of similar age, parity, and foal time were chosen at random. The milk yield of the two breeds of mares at 30, 60, and 90 days of lactation, representing for the first, second and third lactation months, respectively, was recorded under the same dietary nutrition and feeding management levels. Meanwhile, milk samples were collected to determine the milk somatic cell count, milk fat rate, milk protein rate, milk lactose rate, and milk total solid content of the two breeds of mares at different lactation times. Result] At 30 days of lactation, higher （P>0.05） milk yield, extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher milk fat rate, and significantly （P<0.05） higher milk somatic cell count was observed in the Kazak mares in comparison to the Yili mares, and the other milk composition indexes were higher （P>0.05） in the Kazak mares as well. At 60 days of lactation, the Yili mares had extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher milk yield and milk lactose rate, higher（P>0.05） milk fat rate and milk protein rate, and lower （P>0.05） milk somatic cell count and milk total solid content than those of the Kazak mares. At 90 days of lactation, compared with the Kazak mares, the milk yield of the Yili mares was significantly （P<0.05） higher, the milk lactose rate and milk total solid content were extremely significantly （P<0.01） higher, the milk protein rate was higher （P>0.05）, while the milk fat rate and milk somatic cell count were extremely significantly （P<0.01） lower. Conclusion] The milk yield and nutritional content of the Kazak mares were higher than those of the Yili mares at the start of lactation （30 days）. The comprehensive lactation performance of the Yili mares was better than that of the Kazak mares at the middle lactation stage （60 and 90 days）. The milk somatic cell count of Kazak mares was higher than that of the Yili mares during the observed lactation periods in this study.