几种杀菌剂对葡萄园典型陆生生物的初级风险评估

葡萄在种植过程中,易感染真菌性病害。即使有大量已登记的杀菌剂产品,仍有未登记的杀菌剂被用于防治或被推荐用于防治葡萄真菌性病害。未登记杀菌剂的施用是否会对葡萄园环境生物造成危害,需引起足够的关注。本研究选取葡萄上未登记但有残留检出或被推荐使用的杀菌剂三唑酮、乙霉威、四氟醚唑、吡唑萘菌胺、乙烯菌核利,对葡萄园环境生物鸟类、蜜蜂、非靶标节肢动物及土壤生物进行了初级风险评估。结果显示,三唑酮及四氟醚唑对鸟类的长期暴露风险商值大于1,风险不可接受;乙霉威对捕食性非靶标节肢动物的危害商值大于5,初级风险不可接受。吡唑萘菌胺及乙烯菌核利对所评估的陆生生物风险均可接受。本研究为所选杀菌剂在葡萄上的科学施用及后续的农药登记提供参考。

Primary risk assessment of several fungicides to typical vineyard terrestrial organisms

Grape is easy to be infected with fungal diseases in the process of planting. Even though there are large number of registered fungicide products, unregistered fungicides have still being used or recommended to control grape fungal diseases. And whether their application would cause harm to the vineyard environmental organisms should be paid enough attention. In this study, the fungicides, i.e., triadimefon, diethofencarb, tetraconazole, isopyrazam and vinclozolin, which have not registered but detected or proposed to use on grape, were selected to conduct primary risk assessment to environmental organisms including birds, bees, non-target arthropods and soil organisms. The results showed that the long-term risk quotient (RQ) values of triadimefon and tetraconazole for birds were both greater than 1, which meant the risks to birds were unacceptable. The RQ values of diethofencarb for predatory non-target arthropods were greater than 5, revealing the unacceptable risk of diethofencarb to predatory non-target arthropods. The risks of isopyrazam and vinclozolin to the several terrestrial organisms were both acceptable. This study could provide reference for the scientific application of the selected fungicides on grapes and the subsequent pesticide registration.