黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡毒性作用的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲真菌和寄生曲真菌产生的一类高毒性次级真菌代谢物质,世界范围内大部分的粮食和动物饲料受到黄曲霉毒素的污染,对动物健康与畜禽养殖业可持续发展构成严重威胁。黄曲霉毒素B₁（aflatoxin B₁,AFB₁）是众多霉菌毒素中常见且毒性较强的一种,过量摄入AFB₁具有致癌、致畸、免疫抑制等毒性效应。大量研究证实AFB₁可对肉鸡的生长、免疫功能、器官发育等方面造成严重影响,威胁家禽业的健康发展。结合国内外研究报道,对黄曲霉毒素的性质、毒性进行概述,从肠道功能障碍、免疫抑制、器官损伤和遗传毒性四个方面阐述AFB₁对肉鸡毒性作用的研究进展,以期为进一步阐明黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡毒性作用的分子机制,同时为减轻黄曲霉毒素对肉鸡养殖造成的危害提供参考。

Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Aflatoxins in Broiler Chickens

Aflatoxins are mainly a class of highly toxic secondary fungal metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Most grains and animal feeds around the world are polluted by aflatoxins, which poses a severe threat to animal health and the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding industry. Aflatoxin B₁（AFB₁） is a common and highly toxic mycotoxin. Excessive intake of AFB₁ has a series of toxic effects such as carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and immunosuppression. A large number of studies have confirmed that AFB₁ can seriously affect the growth, immune function and organ development of broiler chickens, and threaten the healthy development of poultry industry. Combined with the research reports in China and abroad, this paper summarizes the properties and toxicity of aflatoxins, and expounds the research progress on the toxic effects of AFB₁ on broiler chickens from the four aspects of intestinal dysfunction, immunosuppression, organ damage and genetic toxicity, which may provide a reference for further elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the toxic effects of aflatoxins in broiler chickens and for mitigating their risk in broiler farming.