土壤熏蒸与水肥菌/药一体化技术联用防控设施番茄病害

为了减少设施番茄生产中农药化肥的使用,集成了土壤熏蒸及水肥菌/药一体化技术,并在湖北十堰开展了设施番茄病害的综合防控试验示范。试验设置3个处理,分别为CK(不做土壤熏蒸+水肥药常规化管理)、T1(土壤熏蒸+水肥药常规化管理)、T2(土壤熏蒸+水肥药一体化管理)。田间试验结果表明:采用土壤熏蒸可使番茄的根结线虫病降低70.7%~75.0%,灰霉病、早疫病和青枯病的综合发病率降低33.0%~63.7%,产量增加25.0%左右;土壤熏蒸结合水肥菌/药一体化技术可使番茄的根结线虫病降低 82.7%~85.1%,灰霉病、早疫病和青枯病的综合发病率降低70.2%~74.0%,产量增加35.9%~41.0%。相对于常规管理措施,采用水肥菌/药一体化技术可以节约灌溉用水18.8%、节约用肥33.3%、节约用药21.3%。上述结果表明:土壤熏蒸消毒结合使用水肥菌/药一体化产品和技术,可以节水、节肥、节药,显著降低设施番茄各类病害的发生,提高番茄产量,实现节本增效。

Management of Tomato Diseases by a Combined Technique of Soil Fumigation with Fertigation and Biological Agents in Greenhouse

In order to reduce the amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the control of tomato diseases in greenhouse,the techniques of soil fumigation,fertigation and biocontrol agents were integrated for the demonstration on the management of tomato diseases in greenhouse in Shiyan,Hubei province from 2019 to 2021.Three treatments were designed in this demonstration experiment,namely CK (non-soil fumigation,conventional management on irrigation,fertilization and pesticides),T1(soil fumigation combined with conventional management on irrigation,fertilization and pesticides) and T2(soil fumigation combined with integrated application of fertigation and biocontrol agents).Field experiment showed that soil fumigation could reduce the root knot nematode disease by 70.7%~75.0%,and reduce the total incidence of gray mold,early blight and bacterial wilt by 33.0%~63.7%,and resulted in the yield increase of 25.0%.The integrated application of soil fumigation combined with fertigation and biocontrol agents could improve the disease control efficacy further,demonstrated by diseases reduction of 82.7%~85.1% in suppressing root knot disease,70.2%~74.0% in suppressing total incidence of gray mold,early blight and bacterial wilt diseases,and a yield increase of 35.9%~41.0%.Compared with conventional management strategy,the technique of soil fumigation combined with fertigation and biocontrol agents could save 18.8% of irrigation water,33.3% of fertilizer and 21.3% of pesticides.In a conclusion,the technique of soil fumigation combined with fertigation and biocontrol agents could save water,fertilizer and pesticides,and significantly reduce the occurrence of tomato diseases and increase tomato yield to reach the final destination of saving the input and increasing the output.