浙江省农业文化遗产保护进展、问题与对策

农业文化遗产是劳动人民在与所处环境长期协同发展中形成的并传承至今的传统农业生产系统,具有悠久的历史渊源、丰富的生物资源、完善的技术体系、厚重的乡土文化和杰出的农业景观。浙江省是我国农业文化遗产保护工作开展最早、目前拥有已经认定的重要农业文化遗产(含中国重要农业文化遗产和全球重要农业文化遗产)数量最多的省份,在农业文化遗产的发掘与保护方面取得了突出成效。为总结经验、发现不足,首先梳理了浙江省农业文化遗产的保护与发展历程,并对已经认定的重要农业文化遗产和通过普查发掘出来的农业文化遗产从空间分布、类型分布等方面进行分析;然后,基于对浙江省重要农业文化遗产保护实践的认识和判断,总结出4种典型模式——政府推动模式、多方联动模式、产业驱动模式和企业带动模式;接着,系统剖析浙江省农业文化遗产保护在资源发掘、品牌管理、经费保障、科技支撑、科普宣传等方面的不足;最后,提出开展全面的农业文化遗产普查、进行省级重要农业文化遗产认定、完善管理体制、加强科技支撑与资金投入、加强交流与科普宣传等对策建议,以期为推进浙江省农业文化遗产的保护与发展提供参考。

Conservation and development of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province,China: progress,problems and countermeasures

The agricultural heritage systems refer to the traditional agricultural production systems formed and inherited by the labor people in the long-term coordinated development with the environment, which have a long history, abundant biological resources, well-established technical systems, rich local culture and outstanding agricultural landscapes. Zhejiang Province is the first to carry out the conservation of agricultural heritage systems and possesses the largest number of recognized important agricultural heritage systems (IAHS) in China, including Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS). Zhejiang has made remarkable progress in the excavation and conservation of agricultural heritage systems. In order to sum up the experience and find the deficiencies, we comb the conservation and development process of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province, and analyze the spatial distribution and type distribution of the recognized IAHS and the agricultural heritage systems discovered through general surveys first. Then, based on the understanding and identification of various IAHS conservation practices in Zhejiang Province, four typical models are summarized, namely, government-driven model, multi-linkage model, industry-driven model and enterprise-driven model. Through further investigation, we find that there are still some deficiencies in the resource excavation, brand management, funding security, scientific and technological support, and propaganda for the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province. In response to these issues, we propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions such as carrying out a comprehensive survey of agricultural heritage systems, identifying provincial important agricultural heritage systems, improving the management system, strengthening scientific and technological support and capital investment, strengthening exchanges and propaganda, etc., to provide references for promoting the conversation and development of agricultural heritage systems in Zhejiang Province.