意大利中部地区粘土稻田干湿交替减少CH4排放但诱发N2O排放高峰

Alternate wetting and drying of rice reduced CH4 emissions but triggered N2O peaks in a clayey soil of central Italy

Reducing CH₄ and N₂O emissions from rice cropping systems while sustaining production levels with less water requires a better understanding of the key processes involved. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation is one promising practice that has been shown to reduce CH₄ emissions. However, little is known about the impact of this practice on N₂O emissions, in particular under Mediterranean climate. To close this knowledge gap, we assessed how AWD influenced grain yield, fluxes and annual budgets of CH₄ and N₂O emissions, and global warming potential (GWP) in Italian rice systems over a 2-year period. Overall, a larger GWP was observed under AWD, as a result of high N₂O emissions which offset reductions in CH₄ emissions. In the first year, with 70% water reduction, the yields were reduced by 33%, CH₄ emissions decreased by 97%,while N₂O emissions increased by more than 5-foldunder AWD as compared to PF;in the second year, with a 40% watersaving,the reductions of rice yields and CH₄ emissions (13% and 11%, respectively) were not significant, but N₂O fluxes more than doubled. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic soil conditions resulted in the highest N₂O fluxes under AWD. The duration of flooding, transition to aerobic conditions, water levelabove the soil surface, and the relative timing between fertilization and flooding were the main drivers affecting greenhouse gas mitigation potential under AWD and should be carefully planned through site-specific management options.