果树根构型及其与营养和激素的关系

不仅树型(株型)影响果树产量和质量,根构型对果树生产也有重要意义。介绍了根构型的特点、根构型对环境营养状况的反应及其对养分吸收的影响,以及营养因素和激素对根构型的影响。指出果树根构型比1年生作物更加多样化,骨干根与毛细根的发生和生长状况是影响根构型的主要因素,果树可以通过根系变长、变细以及数量和密度的增加等方式改变根构型;生长素、细胞分裂素、乙烯和赤霉素等植物激素对根构型构建起主要调节作用,营养元素可以通过内源激素调控果树的根构型。根构型与养分吸收有很大的关联,通过构型的改变,可以增加根系与介质的接触表面积,促进营养元素的吸收利用。加强果树根构型研究,揭示果树根构型与营养的关系,构建理想根构型,对于果树根系管理和养分的高效利用有重要价值。

Root system architecture and the relations to nutritional status and plant growth hormone in fruit trees

The yields and quality of fruit trees are influenced not only by tree architecture but also by root system architecture (RSA). In this article, the author introduces the characteristics of RSA, and the adaptive responses of RSA on environmental nutrient status, and the effect of RSA on the absorption of nutrition, and the effect of nutrient and plant growth hormone on RSA. It is suggested that the RSA types of the fruit plants are more various than that of the annual crops, and the main factors affecting RSA are the backbone-root and the hair-root initiation and growth, the RSA is changed by the root becoming longer and thinner and increasing the numbers and thickness; The RSA building is manly adjusted by auxin, cytokinins, ethylene and gibberellin, and the nutrient elements may regulate the RSA changes by the plant endogenous hormone. There is a close relationship between RSA and the absorption of nutrition, and by the changes of RSA, the plants may get more surface areas in touch with the medium(soil), and increase nutrient uptake from soil. The perfect RSA building is of great value to the root management and the nutrient uptake efficiency by enhancing the researches of RSA and disclosing the relationship between RSA and the nutrition in the fruit trees.