不同倍性麦类作物HI和NHI的杂种优势及其与产量的关系

本研究利用冬性和春性四倍体硬粒小麦(Triticum durum,AABB)、普通小麦(T.aestivum,AABBDD),春性和冬性六倍体小黑麦(AABBRR)及春性八倍体小黑麦(AABBD-DRR)等三种倍性六套材料,分别在每套材料中选取亲本并配成双列杂交以研究倍性与杂种优势的关系。结果表明:①冬性倍性材料间一致地表现出单株经济产量具有最高的杂种优势,单株经济产量优势高的主要原因在于生物产量的优势较高,收获指数一般优势较小。②不同倍性间亲本产量水平与杂种优势幅度表现出不同关系。冬性硬粒小麦产量水平与杂种优势幅度呈显著正相关,而普通小麦和八倍体小黑麦这种相关不显著。③倍性间杂种优势的比较表明普通小麦产量杂种优势略高于硬粒小麦,超亲优势无差异,表明在 AABB 内增加 D 染色体组似乎不会影响杂种优势的幅度。但小黑麦杂种优势和超亲优势明显低于硬粒小麦和普通小麦,似乎在 AABB 或 AABBDD 中增加 R 染色体组降低了杂种优势的幅度。

Heterosis of HI and NHI in T.durum,T.aestivum and Triticale

Spring and winter tetraploid wheat(Triticum durum,AABB),winter hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum,AABBDD).spring and winter hexaploid trticale(AABBRR)and spring octoploid triticale were used to investigate the level of heterosis of HI and NHI,and to anlysis their relation to yield and other traits in each of six groups.The results indicate that HI and NHI have heterosis in all investigat- ed groups;Biomass yield per pland acts more important rule on grain yield per plant that HI;NHI has sig- nificantly rela...