黄土高原的洞穴侵蚀与防治

本文通过野外调查和实验分析，运用区域对比的方法，从类型特征、地理分布和形成机制方面，分析讨论了洞穴侵蚀的基本特点和形成原因。文中作出了各种洞穴形成演化的示意图和黄土高原洞穴侵蚀略图，分析探讨了洞穴侵蚀的地理分布和形成过程。结果表明:洞穴侵蚀是一种特殊的流水侵蚀类型。是沟蚀发生的重要环节和胚胎。洞穴侵蚀发育与黄土的疏松结构和节理裂隙密切相关。它具有一定的区域差异。以黄土高原典型黄土带和六盘山以西地区最为发育。并通过分析其危害和成因，为研究沟蚀发生、发展规律和洞穴侵蚀防治提供了依据。

Tunnel Erosion and Its Control in the Loess Plateau

In this paper,common feature and causes of tunnel erosion is discussed with the field survey and sample test,from its types,distribution and mechanism,using the method of comparing one region with another. The patterns of formation and evolution on the tunnels and their distribution map in the Loess Plateau have been given.The distribution and process of tunnel erosion is studied,the result shows that tunnel erosion is one of water erosion types,and an important link and embryo of gully erosion.It is closely related to loose structure and crack of loess.It has regional variation.Its highest erosion intensity fits in the loess region to west of Liupan mountain and silty loess zone of Loess plateau. Useful data is given for study of gully erosion and tunnel control.