Collembola grazing on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi modulates nutrient allocation in plants |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Biology, Ecology Group, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany;2. Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany;1. Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Ecology, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany;2. Technische Universität München, Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;1. Faculty of Biology, Department of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;2. Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;4. Institute for Landscape Biochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany;5. Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorferstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;6. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany;1. UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;2. Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands;3. UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;1. Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;2. Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Section, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;3. Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;1. Soil Science Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;3. Fachgebiet für Pathologie der Waldbäume, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, 85354 Freising, Germany |
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Abstract: | Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) mycelia networks are important for nutrient allocation in many plants, but fungivorous soil invertebrates such as Collembola can modulate the symbiosis by grazing on the extra-radical mycelium (ERM). This study employs a dual biomarker approach with stable isotopes and fatty acids to disentangle trophic interactions of Collembola in a plant-fungal soil system with maize (Zea mays) and the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. To separate ERM and root mediated effects, root (RC) and hyphal compartments (HC) were used, and the latter was spiked with labeled 15N substrate. The euedaphic Collembola species Protaphorura fimata was introduced as the fungal and root grazer. Generally, the presence of Collembola in RC fostered biomass and phosphorous uptake in roots colonized with AM. Nitrogen transport from HC to RC was not altered, indicating that Collembola did not disrupt the ERM network via grazing. Collembola–fungus interactions fostered AM hyphal proliferation in HC, whereas in RC it induced a change from fungal senescence with build-up of storage reserves, to an active foraging phase. A distinct diet switch by Collembola between HC and RC indicated different ERM palatability meditated by the presence or absence of the host plant. Overall, Collembola grazing increased ERM nutrient sequestration, particularly phosphorus, and in turn plant performance. Collembola modified fungal phenology, favoring fungal colonization over reproductive phases. These trophic interactions were strongly determined by fungal life stage, with the establishment of a functional mycorrhiza as a crucial factor. |
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Keywords: | Arbuscular mycorrhiza Nutrient transport Fungivores Plant performance Collembola |
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