Preemptive Analgesia,Including Morphine,Does Not Affect Recovery Quality and Times in Either Pain-Free Horses or Horses Undergoing Orchiectomy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Maringá State University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil;2. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Veterinary Clinics Department, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil;4. Veterinary Hospital, Advanced Campus of Jataí, Federal University of Goiás, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil;1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Large Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland;2. Section of Anaesthesiology, Equine Department, VetAgro Sup (Veterinary Campus of Lyon), University of Lyon, France;3. Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland;1. Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Centro di Studio del Cavallo Sportivo, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy;2. Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anaesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil;2. Comparative Pain Research Laboratory & Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil;1. Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany;2. Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany;3. Centre for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Recovery quality and times from general anesthesia in horses may be influenced by surgery, analgesia with morphine or combinations of both. Twenty-three adult healthy horses were enrolled in this prospective experimental trial in a clinical setting and were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: anesthesia only (GA; n = 6), preemptive analgesia and anesthesia (GAA; n = 5), anesthesia and castration (GC; n = 6), or preemptive analgesia, anesthesia, castration, and intraoperative local analgesia (GCA; n = 6). All horses were sedated with intramuscular (IM) xylazine (0.5 mg/kg). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) guaifenesin (100 mg/kg) and thiopental (5 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Animals in groups with preemptive analgesia received IM morphine (0.2 mg/kg) and dipyrone (10 mg/kg) and IV flunixin meglumine (1.0 mg/kg) immediately before sedation. Recoveries from general anesthesia were rope-assisted. Recovery scores (from 8 [excellent recovery] to 70 [worst recovery]) and times were compared between groups, using a one-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey's test (P < .05). Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and range recovery scores were 22 ± 14 (8–45), 9 ± 2 (8–12), 14 ± 5 (8–22), and 12 ± 1 (10–13) in groups GA, GAA, GC, and GCA, respectively. Mean ± SD times to stand in minutes were 21 ± 10, 18 ± 7, 33 ± 12, and 35 ± 21 in groups GA, GAA, GC and GCA, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found for any of the variables. Neither preoperative administration of analgesics, including morphine, nor castration interfered with the recovery qualities and times in horses undergoing general anesthesia. Preemptive morphine did not worsen anesthetic recovery quality in horses. |
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| Keywords: | Anesthesia recovery period Equine Opioid Preemptive analgesia |
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