Radiographic Differences Between Uneven Feet in Horses With Foot Lameness and Admitted for MRI Examination |
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| Institution: | 1. Animal Clinic Ridderkerk, Ridderkerk, The Netherlands;2. Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Equine Practice Utrecht, Odijk, The Netherlands;4. Veterinary Clinic Emmeloord, Emmeloord, The Netherlands;5. Bodegraven Equine Clinic, Bodegraven, The Netherlands;6. Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;7. Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of the Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium;1. Odisee Brussel, Educational Department of Medical Imaging Technologists (BE), Brussel, Belgium;2. Animal Health Trust, Newmarket (U.K.), Newmarket, Suffolk, UK;3. Department of Radiology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium;4. Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire de l’Université de Liège, Service d''imagerie, Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium;1. Department of Animal Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil;2. Waikato Institute of Technology, CHASP, Hamilton, New Zealand;1. Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada;2. Equine Sports Medicine Section, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada;1. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Boone, IA;2. Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA;3. Department of Veterinary Diagnostic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA;4. Department of Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA;5. Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA;1. Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO;2. Department of Environmental Health and Radiological Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO;3. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX |
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| Abstract: | Unevenness is an important feature of foot conformation and coincides with both kinetic and kinematic asymmetrical locomotor differences. It reportedly may lead to early retirement of elite horses from a warmblood population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiological consequences of an uneven feet conformation and on distal limb tissue development. In a retrospective study, the complete sets of good quality radiographs of both distal forelimbs were compared objectively for 121 “foot lame” horses that had been admitted for magnetic resonance imaging of one or both front feet (2003–2010). A chi-square test was used to test for significant radiometric differences between the upright and the lower angle foot (P < .05); 60% of the horses were unilaterally lame in the upright foot, whereas 40% were lame in the lower angle foot, which appeared to be a nonsignificant difference. In 84% of the horses, the navicular bone (NB) had a substantially more radiolucent, osteoporotic structure (P < .05). In 88% of the horses, the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in the upright foot was significantly more radiodense and pronounced than in the lower angle foot (P < .05). The NB showed a significantly more osteoporotic structure as scored in the upright foot than in the lower angle foot, whereas the DDFT appeared was scored more compact in the upright foot than in the lower angle foot, suggesting less tension on the DDFT. In conclusion, radiological differences between uneven feet in foot lame horses seem to be related to differences in distal limb locomotor tissue development. |
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| Keywords: | Uneven foot Radiograph Asymmetry Tissue characteristic Biomechanical loading |
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